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Chapter 25: Problem 17

What is the purpose of the International HapMap Project? How will it help researchers who study disease-causing alleles?

Short Answer

Expert verified
The International HapMap Project is designed to identify and catalogue genetic similarities and differences in humans. It helps researchers by providing data that can inform them of genetic variations common in certain diseases, enabling more efficient genome-wide association studies, and assisting identification of genetic differences influencing drug responses.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the Purpose of the International HapMap Project

The International HapMap Project is an international scientific project whose goal is to identify and catalogue genetic similarities and differences in people worldwide. This project maps these variations to specific regions known as haplotypes - thus the name HapMap. It was designed to build a resource that researchers can use to find genes associated with human disease and response to pharmaceuticals.
02

Analyze How it Helps Researchers

The project helps researchers studying disease-causing alleles in several ways. First, by providing a catalogue of genetic differences, researchers can determine if some of these are more common in people with a particular disease than in those without, this allows identification of genes involved in diseases. Secondly, the HapMap makes it easier and more effective to conduct genome-wide association studies, enabling researchers to find genes contributing to common diseases more efficiently. Finally, the HapMap also aids in identifying genetic differences that affect the response to drugs.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

With regard to cancer cells, which of the following statements are true? A. Cancer cells are clonal, which means they are derived from a single mutant cell. B. To become cancerous, cells usually accumulate multiple genetic changes that eventually result in uncontrolled growth. C. Most cancers are caused by oncogenic viruses. D. Cancer cells have lost the ability to properly regulate cell division.

When the DNA of a human cell becomes damaged, the \(p 53\) gene is activated. What is the general function of the p53 protein? Is it an enzyme, transcription factor, cell-cycle protein, or something else? Describe three ways in which the synthesis of the p53 protein affects cellular function. Why is it beneficial for these three things to happen when a cell's DNA has been damaged?

What is a prion? Explain how a prion relies on normal cellular proteins to cause a disease such as mad cow disease.

A genetic predisposition to developing cancer is usually inherited as a dominant trait. At the level of cellular function, are the alleles involved actually dominant? Explain why some individuals who have inherited these dominant alleles do not develop cancer during their lifetimes.

Discuss why a genetic disease might have a particular age of onset. Would an infectious disease have an age of onset? Explain why or why not.
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