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Chapter 18: Problem 26

How does an HIV particle acquire its envelope?

Short Answer

Expert verified
An HIV particle acquires its envelope during the budding process. As the virus's genetic material and proteins are assembled inside a host cell, they push against the host cell's membrane forming a bulge. This bulge eventually detaches from the host cell, taking a part of the cell's membrane with it, which then becomes the envelope of the new HIV particle.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding HIV

HIV is a virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The virus is unique in its structure, but like other viruses, it consists of RNA genetic material, proteins, and an outer envelope.
02

Formation of HIV particles

HIV particles are formed through a process called budding. In this process, the virus uses the machinery of the host cell to multiply its RNA genetic material and proteins.
03

Acquiring the envelope

The envelope of an HIV particle is acquired during the budding process. As the virus's genetic material and proteins are assembled, they push against the cell membrane of the host cell, forming a bulge.
04

Finalization of the envelope

The bulge eventually breaks away from the host cell, and the cell's membrane encases the new HIV particle. This encasement becomes the envelope of the new virus. The proteins on the HIV surface, which are embedded in the envelope, allow the virus to bind to and penetrate other cells.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

What is a prophage, a provirus, and an episome? What is their common role in a viral reproductive cycle?

Figure \(18.11\) shows a genetic switch that controls the choice between the lytic and lysogenic cycles of phage \(\lambda\). What is a genetic switch? Compare the roles of a genetic switch and a simple operator site (like the one found in the lac operon) in gene regulation.

Compare and contrast the roles of fully spliced, incompletely spliced, and unspliced HIV RNA. Which type is needed in the early stages of HIV proliferation, and which is needed in later stages?

What are the similarities and differences among viral genomes?

What is the role of the Vpr protein during the process of HIV DNA integration?
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