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Chapter 10: Problem 8

How are two topoisomers different from each other? How are they the same?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Topoisomers are forms of DNA with the same sequence and overall covalent structure, but differ in their coiling or supercoiling due to the action of topoisomerases. The major difference is the spatial arrangement of the molecule while the similarity is their covalent structure and sequence.

Step by step solution

01

Description of Topoisomers

Topoisomers, or topological isomers, are forms of DNA with the same sequence and overall covalent structure, but differ in their coiling or supercoiling. They are formed because of the action of topoisomerases, enzymes that change DNA supercoiling.
02

Difference between Topoisomers

Their difference lies in the spatial arrangement of the molecule. They may have the same atoms, bonds and sequence, but the way these molecules are arranged in three-dimensional space differs. This difference in supercoiling can affect the biological properties of the DNA molecule.
03

Similarities between Topoisomers

Despite their differences, topoisomers share the same sequence and covalent structure. The atoms, bonds, and the actual content of the molecule do not change. They are chemically the same substance; the coiling of the DNA chain is the only difference.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A typical eukaryotic chromosome found in humans contains about 100 million bp. As noted in Chapter 9 , one DNA base pair has a linear length of \(0.34 \mathrm{~nm}\). A. What is the linear length of the DNA in a typical human chromosome in micrometers? B. What is the linear length of a 30-nm fiber of a typical human chromosome? C. Based on your calculation in part B, would a typical human chromosome fit inside the nucleus (with a diameter of \(5 \mu \mathrm{m}\) ) if the 30-nm fiber was stretched out in a linear manner? If not, explain how a typical human chromosome fits inside the nucleus during interphase.

Describe the characteristics of highly repetitive DNA sequences.

In Part II of this text, we considered inheritance patterns for diploid eukaryotic species. Bacteria frequently contain two or more nucleoids. With regard to genes and alleles, how is a bacterium that contains two nucleoids similar to a diploid eukaryotic cell, and how is it different?

Take two pieces of string that are approximately 10 inches long, and create a double helix by wrapping them around each other to make 10 complete turns. Tape one end of the strings to a table, and now twist the strings three times \(\left(360^{\circ}\right.\) each time) in a righthanded direction. Note: As you are looking down at the strings from above, a right-handed twist is in the clockwise direction. A. Did the three turns create more or fewer turns in your double helix? How many turns does your double helix have after you twisted it? B. Is your double helix right-handed or left-handed? Explain your answer. C. Did the three turns create any supercoils? D. If you had coated your double helix with rubber cement and allowed the cement to dry before making the three additional right-handed turns, would the rubber cement make it more or less likely for the three turns to create supercoiling? Would a pair of cemented strings be more or less like a real DNA double helix than an uncemented pair of strings? Explain your answer.

Describe the mechanisms by which bacterial DNA becomes compacted.
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