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Chapter 13: Problem 20

Phage X82 DNA is cleaved into six fragments by the enzyme Bgn. A mutant is isolated with plaques thar look quite different from the wildiype ploque. DNA isolated from the mutant is deaved into only tive Iragments. What possible genetic changes can account for the difference in the number of restriction fragments?

Short Answer

Expert verified
The mutation likely deleted or altered a Bgn recognition site.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Cleavage by Bgn Enzyme

The enzyme Bgn recognizes specific DNA sequences and cleaves DNA at these sites. The original phage X82 DNA is cleaved into six fragments, implying there are five Bgn recognition sites on the DNA.
02

Analyzing the Change in Fragment Number

The mutant phage is cleaved into only five fragments instead of six. This indicates a change in the number or arrangement of Bgn recognition sites on the mutant DNA.
03

Evaluating Possible Genetic Changes

Consider what genetic changes could affect the Bgn sites: 1. A mutation or deletion that removed a Bgn site would decrease the number of fragments (from six to five). 2. An insertion or rearrangement creating or deleting a recognition site through altered sequences.
04

Conclusion from Genetic Changes

The likely genetic change is either the deletion or mutation of a Bgn recognition site, which would reduce the number of fragments cleaved by Bgn from six to five.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Restriction Enzymes
Restriction enzymes are like molecular scissors that cut DNA at specific sequences, called recognition sites. These enzymes are crucial for many genetic experiments and biotechnology applications. Think of them as precision tools that help scientists to analyze and manipulate DNA for various purposes.
  • Each restriction enzyme has a unique recognition sequence where it binds.
  • Upon binding, the enzyme cleaves the DNA, leading to fragments.
  • These enzymes are naturally found in bacteria and act as a defense mechanism against viral DNA.
The use of restriction enzymes allows researchers to map genomes, clone genes, and create genetically modified organisms. They enable finer control over genetic materials, providing insights into structure and function. Without restriction enzymes, many of the advances in genetic research and medicine would not be possible.
DNA Cleavage
DNA cleavage refers to the process of cutting DNA into smaller fragments. This is often achieved using restriction enzymes that recognize specific sequences and cut the DNA at those sites.
  • Cleavage results in several fragments of varying sizes, depending on where the enzyme cuts.
  • The size and number of these fragments can be analyzed to understand genetic composition.
  • Different enzymes cleave DNA at different sequences, leading to unique patterns of DNA fragments.
The step-by-step analysis of DNA fragments is critical for various scientific processes such as genetic mapping or diagnosing diseases. By comparing the patterns of DNA fragments, scientists can detect changes or mutations in the genetic material. This process is similar to piecing together a puzzle to see the whole picture of an organism's DNA structure.
Genomic Rearrangement
Genomic rearrangement involves changes or alterations in the organization of the genetic material within the genome. These rearrangements can manifest as insertions, deletions, duplications, or inversions of DNA segments.
  • Such alterations can affect the functional regions of the genome, influencing gene expression and function.
  • They can lead to a change in the pattern or number of fragments produced by a restriction enzyme during DNA cleavage.
  • For instance, if a recognition site is deleted or altered, the number of cleaved fragments will change.
Understanding genomic rearrangements is vital as they can have significant implications, ranging from evolutionary adaptations to the development of genetic disorders. They are a natural aspect of mutation processes and contribute to genetic diversity. However, in some cases, these rearrangements can disrupt essential genes and lead to diseases or abnormal physical traits.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The enzyme Avall cleaves the restriction site G. GYCC at the position of the arrow. II two tandomly chosen Avall sites are cleaved. what is the probability that their "sticky ends" are compatible?

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The euchromatic part of the Drosephila genome that is highly replicated in the banded salivary gland chromosomes is approximately \(120 \mathrm{Mb}\) (million hase pairs) in size. The salivary gland chromosomes contain approximately 5000 bands. For eare of reference, the salivary chromosonses are divided into abou: 100 approximately cqual, numbered sections \((1-100)\), each of which consists of six lettered subdivisions ( \(\mathrm{A}-\mathrm{F}\) ). On average, how much DNA is there in a salivary gland band? in a lettered subdivision? in a numbered section? How do these compare with the size of the DNA insen in a 200-kb (kilobase pair) YAC? with the size of the DNA insert in an \(80-\mathrm{kb}\) PI done?
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