/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 7 Explain the meaning of the term ... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91影视

91影视

Log out

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 7: Problem 7

Explain the meaning of the term interference.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: Interference is the phenomenon where two or more waves superimpose to produce a resultant wave with a changed amplitude. Constructive interference occurs when waves are "in phase," meaning their crests and troughs align, resulting in a higher amplitude. Destructive interference occurs when waves are "out of phase," meaning the crest of one wave aligns with the trough of another, resulting in a lower amplitude or canceling each other out.

Step by step solution

01

Definition of Interference

Interference refers to the phenomenon in which two or more waves superimpose to produce a resultant wave of greater, lower, or the same amplitude. It occurs when waves from different sources combine to produce a combined effect. Interference can be either constructive, resulting in an increased amplitude, or destructive, resulting in a decreased amplitude.
02

Constructive Interference

Constructive interference happens when two or more waves meet in such a way that their crests line up together, as well as their troughs. This causes the resultant wave to have a higher amplitude than the individual waves. In other words, the waves are said to be "in phase" with each other. For example, consider two waves with the same amplitude and frequency traveling in the same direction along a rope. If these waves meet at a certain point, their combined amplitude will be the sum of the individual amplitudes (i.e., twice the amplitude of either wave).
03

Destructive Interference

Destructive interference occurs when two or more waves meet in such a way that the crest of one wave coincides with the trough of another wave. This results in the waves canceling each other out, producing a combined wave with a lower amplitude. In other words, the waves are said to be "out of phase" with each other. For example, consider the same two waves from the previous example, but this time the crest of one wave meets the trough of the other wave. In this case, the combined amplitude of the resultant wave is the difference between the individual amplitudes (i.e., potentially zero, if both waves have equal amplitudes). In summary, interference refers to the phenomenon in which two or more waves combine to produce a resultant wave with a changed amplitude. The outcome can be either constructive or destructive, depending on the alignment of the waves' crests and troughs.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with 91影视!

Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Constructive Interference
When studying waves, it's fascinating how two or more waves can come together to create something entirely new. Constructive interference is one of these interesting phenomena. It occurs when waves combine in such a way that their crests (the highest points) and troughs (the lowest points) align perfectly. This alignment leads to a superposition where the amplitude of the resulting wave is greater than any of the individual waves. Think of it as waves "helping" each other to become bigger.

This happens because the waves are "in phase," meaning they are synchronized in their up and down motion. Imagine two friends jumping on a trampoline at the same time and in the same rhythm; their combined efforts make them jump higher together than they would alone.
  • The amplitudes add up to create a stronger wave.
  • The waves maintain their original shape but with increased height.
  • Constructive interference typically happens when the path difference between the waves is a multiple of their wavelength.
Destructive Interference
Destructive interference, like its name suggests, involves waves that "destroy" or diminish each other's effects. This happens when the crest of one wave aligns with the trough of another, effectively canceling each other out. The result is a wave with a smaller amplitude or, in some cases, no wave at all!

In scientific terms, these waves are said to be "out of phase," meaning their peak movements don't match. For instance, if two people are on a seesaw, with one going up while the other goes down, their movements oppose one another.
  • The waves cancel each other out, reducing the overall amplitude.
  • When the amplitudes are equal but opposite, they can completely nullify each other's effect.
  • Destructive interference occurs when the path difference is a half multiple of the wavelength, like half, one and a half, etc.
Wave Superposition
Wave superposition is the foundational concept behind both constructive and destructive interference. It's the principle that waves can overlay one another to form a new wave pattern. This principle is what allows multiple waves to exist in the same space and interact with each other, creating the effects we observe with interference.

Think of wave superposition as mixing colors; when you combine different paints, you get new shades. Similarly, when waves overlap, they create patterns based on their combined amplitudes:
  • If waves align perfectly, they can amplify each other (constructive interference).
  • If waves are out of sync, they can reduce or cancel each other out (destructive interference).
  • This ability to overlap without altering the fundamental way a wave travels is unique to wave behavior.
Wave superposition showcases how waves are fundamentally different from particles, highlighting the unique behavior that makes studying wave dynamics so interesting.

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

Three loci, mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase that forms \(a\) and \(b(M D H a, M D H b),\) glucouronidase that forms 1 and \(2(G U S 1\) \(G U S 2\) ), and a histone gene that forms \(+\) and \(-(H+, H-),\) are located on chromosome \(\\# 7\) in humans. Assume that the \(M D H\) locus is at position \(35, G U S\) at position \(45,\) and \(H\) at position 75 A female whose mother was homozygous for \(M D H a, G U S 2,\) and \(H+\) and whose father was homozygous for \(M D H b, G U S 1,\) and \(H-\) produces a sample of 1000 egg cells. Give the genotypes and expected numbers of the various types of cells she would produce. Assume no chromosomal interference.

What three essential criteria must be met in order to execute a successful mapping cross?

Are sister chromatid exchanges effective in producing genetic variability in an individual? in the offspring of individuals?

In the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, a spineless (no wing bristles) female fly is mated to a male that is claret (dark eyes) and hairless (no thoracic bristles). Phenotypically wild-type \(\mathrm{F}_{1}\) female progeny were mated to fully homozygous (mutant) males, and the following progeny ( 1000 total) were observed: $$\begin{array}{lc} \text { Phenotypes } & \text { Number Observed } \\ \hline \text { spineless } & 321 \\ \text { wild } & 38 \\ \text { claret, spineless } & 130 \\ \text { claret } & 18 \\ \text { claret, hairless } & 309 \\ \text { hairless, claret, spineless } & 32 \\ \text { hairless } & 140 \\ \text { hairless, spineless } & 12 \end{array}$$ (a) Which gene is in the middle? (b) With respect to the three genes mentioned in the problem, what are the genotypes of the homozygous parents used in making the phenotypically wild \(F_{1}\) heterozygote? (c) What are the map distances between the three genes? A correct formula with the values "plugged in" for each distance will be sufficient. (d) What is the coefficient of coincidence? A correct formula with the values "plugged in" will be sufficient.

Why does more crossing over occur between two distantly linked genes than between two genes that are very close together on the same chromosome?
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Biology Textbooks

Biological Molecules

Read Explanation

Ecology

Read Explanation

Cell Cycle

Read Explanation

Biology Experiments

Read Explanation

Communicable Diseases

Read Explanation

Biological Organisms

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.