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Chapter 5: Problem 17

Indicate the expected number of Barr bodies in interphase cells of individuals with (a) triple \(X\) syndrome \((X X X)\) (b) \(\mathrm{XYY}\) syndrome, (c) Klinefelter syndrome, (d) Turner syndrome, and karyotype \(48, \mathrm{XXXX}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: Triple X Syndrome - 2 Barr bodies; XYY Syndrome - 0 Barr bodies; Klinefelter Syndrome - 1 Barr body; Turner Syndrome - 0 Barr bodies; Karyotype 48, XXXX - 3 Barr bodies.

Step by step solution

01

Triple X Syndrome (XXX)

For individuals with Triple X Syndrome, they possess three X chromosomes (XXX). Using the formula, we can find the number of Barr bodies: Number of Barr bodies = (Total X chromosomes - 1) = (3 - 1) = 2 Thus, individuals with Triple X Syndrome have 2 Barr bodies in their interphase cells.
02

XYY Syndrome

For individuals with XYY Syndrome, they possess one X chromosome and two Y chromosomes (XYY). Using the formula, we can find the number of Barr bodies: Number of Barr bodies = (Total X chromosomes - 1) = (1 - 1) = 0 Thus, individuals with XYY Syndrome have 0 Barr bodies in their interphase cells.
03

Klinefelter Syndrome

For individuals with Klinefelter Syndrome, they possess two X chromosomes and one Y chromosome (XXY). Using the formula, we can find the number of Barr bodies: Number of Barr bodies = (Total X chromosomes - 1) = (2 - 1) = 1 Thus, individuals with Klinefelter Syndrome have 1 Barr body in their interphase cells.
04

Turner Syndrome

For individuals with Turner Syndrome, they possess one X chromosome only (X). Using the formula, we can find the number of Barr bodies: Number of Barr bodies = (Total X chromosomes - 1) = (1 - 1) = 0 Thus, individuals with Turner Syndrome have 0 Barr bodies in their interphase cells.
05

Karyotype 48, XXXX

For individuals with karyotype 48, XXXX, they possess four X chromosomes (XXXX). Using the formula, we can find the number of Barr bodies: Number of Barr bodies = (Total X chromosomes - 1) = (4 - 1) = 3 Thus, individuals with karyotype 48, XXXX have 3 Barr bodies in their interphase cells.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

In mice, the Sry gene (see Section 5.2) is located on the Y chromosome very close to one of the pseudoautosomal regions that pairs with the X chromosome during male meiosis. Given this information, propose a model to explain the generation of unusual males who have two X chromosomes (with an Sry-containing piece of the Y chromosome attached to one X chromosome).

In chickens, a key gene involved in sex determination has recently been identified. Called \(D M R T 1\), it is located on the \(Z\) chromosome and is absent on the W chromosome. Like SRY in humans, it is male determining. Unlike \(S R Y\) in humans, however, female chickens (ZW) have a single copy while males (ZZ) have two copies of the gene. Nevertheless, it is transcribed only in the developing testis. Working in the laboratory of Andrew sinclair (a co- discoverer of the human \(S R Y\) gene), Craig Smith and colleagues were able to "knock down" expression of \(D M R T 1\) in \(Z Z\) embryos using RNA interference techniques (see Chapter 16 ). In such cases, the developing gonads look more like ovaries than testes [Nature 461: 267 (2009)]. What conclusions can you draw about the role that the DMRT1 gene plays in chickens in contrast to the role the SRY gene plays in humans?

What specific observations (evidence) support the conclusions about sex determination in Drosophila and humans?

Distinguish between the Protenor and Lygaeus modes of sex determination.

Distinguish between the concepts of sex determination and sexual differentiation.
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