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Chapter 23: Problem 15

If one is attempting to determine the influence of genes or the environment on phenotypic variation, inbred strains with individuals of a relatively homogeneous or constant genetic background are often used. Variation observed between different inbred strains reared in a constant or homogeneous environment would likely be caused by genetic factors. What would be the source of variation observed among members of the same inbred strain reared under varying environmental conditions?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: The primary source of variation in the phenotype is the influence of the environment on phenotypic development.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the inbred strain condition

Since the inbred strains have a relatively constant genetic background, the genetic differences between the individuals will be minimal.
02

Consider the influence of varying environments

When members of the same inbred strain are reared under varying environmental conditions, these conditions might lead to differences in their phenotypic traits.
03

Identify the source of variation

As there is minimal genetic variation within the same inbred strain, the source of variation observed among members of the same inbred strain reared under varying environmental conditions is likely due to the influence of the environment on their phenotypic development.
04

Conclusion

The source of variation observed among members of the same inbred strain reared under varying environmental conditions is the influence of the environment on phenotypic variation.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Height in humans depends on the additive action of genes. Assume that this trait is controlled by the four loci \(\mathrm{R}, \mathrm{S}, \mathrm{T}\) and \(\mathrm{U}\) and that environmental effects are negligible. Instead of additive versus nonadditive alleles, assume that additive and partially additive alleles exist. Additive alleles contribute two units, and partially additive alleles contribute one unit to height. (a) Can two individuals of moderate height produce offspring that are much taller or shorter than either parent? If so, how? (b) If an individual with the minimum height specified by these genes marries an individual of intermediate or moderate height, will any of their children be taller than the tall parent? Why or why not?

Describe the value of using twins in the study of questions relating to the relative impact of heredity versus environment.

In this chapter, we focused on a mode of inheritance referred to as quantitative genetics, as well as many of the statistical parameters utilized to study quantitative traits. Along the way, we found opportunities to consider the methods and reasoning by which geneticists acquired much of their understanding of quantitative genetics. From the explanations given in the chapter, what answers would you propose to the following fundamental questions: (a) How do we know that threshold traits are actually polygenic even though they may have as few as two discrete phenotypic classes? (b) How can we ascertain the number of polygenes involved in the inheritance of a quantitative trait?

Define the following: (a) polygenic, (b) additive alleles, (c) correlation, (d) monozygotic and dizygotic twins, (e) heritability, (f) \(\mathrm{QTL},\) and \((\mathrm{g})\) continuous variation.

Two different crosses were set up between carrots (Daucus carota \()\) of different colors and carotenoid content (Santos, Carlos A. F. and Simon, Philipp W. 2002. Horticultura Brasileira 20). Analyses of the \(\mathrm{F}_{2}\) generations showed that four loci are associated with the \(\alpha\) carotene content of carrots, with a broad-sense heritability of \(90 \% .\) How many distinct phenotypic categories and genotypes would be seen in each \(\mathrm{F}_{2}\) generation, and what does a broad-sense heritability of \(90 \%\) mean for carrot horticulture?
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