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Chapter 20: Problem 12

If you performed a PCR experiment starting with only one copy of double- stranded DNA, approximately how many DNA molecules would be present in the reaction tube after 15 cycles of amplification?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: After 15 cycles of PCR amplification, there would be approximately 32,768 DNA molecules present.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the PCR amplification process

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a molecular biology technique used to amplify specific DNA regions. In each cycle of PCR, the number of DNA molecules doubles. Therefore, the number of DNA molecules after a certain number of cycles can be calculated using the formula: N = N鈧� * 2^n, where N is the final number of DNA molecules, N鈧� is the initial number of DNA molecules, and n is the number of cycles.
02

Calculate the number of DNA molecules after 15 cycles

In this exercise, we start with one copy of double-stranded DNA (N鈧� = 1) and we want to find out how many DNA molecules there are after 15 cycles (n = 15) of amplification. We can use the formula mentioned in Step 1: N = N鈧� * 2^n. Plugging in the values, we get: N = 1 * 2^15.
03

Simplify the expression to find the final number of DNA molecules

Now we just need to evaluate the expression: N = 1 * 2^15 = 2^15. Using a calculator or manually calculating, we get: N = 32,768.
04

Provide the answer

So, after 15 cycles of PCR amplification starting with only one copy of double-stranded DNA, there would be approximately 32,768 DNA molecules present in the reaction tube.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

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You have recovered a cloned DNA segment from a vector and determine that the insert is 1300 bp in length. To characterize this cloned segment, you isolate the insert and decide to construct a restriction map, Using enzyme I and enzyme II, followed by gel clectrophoresis, you determine the number and size of the fragments produced by enzymes I and II alone and in combination, as recorded in the following table. Construct a restriction map from these data, showing the positions of the restriction-enzyme cutting sites relative to one another and the distance between them in units of base pairs.

The U.S. Department of Justice has established a database that catalogs \(P C R\) amplification products from short tandem repeats of the \(Y\) (Y-SIRs) chromosome in humans. The database contains polymorphisms of five U.S. ethnic groups (African Americans, European Americans, Hispanics, Native Americans, and Asian Americans) as well as worldwide population (a) Given that STRs are repeats of varying lengths, for example \((\mathrm{TCTG})_{9-17}\) or \((\mathrm{TAT})_{6-14}\) explain how PCR could reveal differences (polymorphisms) among individuals. How could the Department of Justice make use of those differences? (b) \(Y-S T R s\) from the nonrecombining region of the \(Y\) chromosome (NRY) have special relevance for forensic purposes. Why? (c) What would be the value of knowing the ethnic population differences for \(Y\) -STR polymorphisms? (d) For forensic applications, the probability of a "match" for a crime scene DNA sample and a suspect's DNA often culminates in a guilty or innocent verdict. How is a "match" determined, and what are the uses and limitations of such probabilities?
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