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Chapter 2: Problem 23

You are given a metaphase chromosome preparation (a slide) from an unknown organism that contains 12 chromosomes. Two that are clearly smaller than the rest appear identical in length and centromere placement. Describe all that you can about these chromosomes.

Short Answer

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Answer: The two smaller homologous chromosomes are identical in length and centromere placement, suggesting that they are inherited from each parent. Some characteristics of these chromosomes include their smaller length, same centromere position, and being part of an organism with a diploid chromosome number of 12 (2n = 12). Although we cannot confirm their specific function, they may carry genes responsible for certain traits or be involved in cellular processes. Homologous chromosomes are important in inheritance, as they carry genetic information from the parents and contribute to genetic diversity in the offspring through crossing over during meiosis.

Step by step solution

01

Identifying the homologous chromosomes

The two smaller chromosomes with identical length and centromere placement are called homologous chromosomes. Homologous chromosomes are similar in length, gene location, and centromere position. They are inherited from the parent organisms, one from each parent.
02

Identifying the main characteristics of the chromosomes

Some of the main characteristics to describe about these homologous chromosomes are: 1. Length: They are smaller than the rest of the chromosomes in the organism. 2. Centromere placement: The position of the centromere seems to be in the same location for both of these chromosomes. 3. Number: Since there are 12 chromosomes in total, we can say that the organism has a diploid chromosome number of 12 (2n = 12).
03

Predicting the possible function of these chromosomes

Based on their appearance, we cannot definitively identify the function of these chromosomes, but we can speculate about their possible functions. For example, they might carry genes responsible for certain traits in the organism, or they might be involved in the regulation of other important cellular processes.
04

Explaining the importance of homologous chromosomes in inheritance

Homologous chromosomes are significant in the inheritance process because they carry the genetic information passed down from the parents to the offspring. During meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material through the process of crossing over, which contributes to genetic diversity in the offspring.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Describe the role of meiosis in the life cycle of a vascular plant.

A species of cereal rye (Secale cereale) has a chromosome number of \(14,\) while a species of Canadian wild rye (Elymus canadensis) has a chromosome number of \(28 .\) Sterile hybrids can be produced by crossing Secale with Elymus. (a) What would be the expected chromosome number in the somatic cells of the hybrids? (b) Given that none of the chromosomes pair at meiosis I in the sterile hybrid (Hang and Franckowlak, 1984 ), speculate on the anaphase I separation patterns of these chromosomes.

In this chapter, we focused on how chromosomes are distributed during cell division, both in dividing somatic cells (mitosis) and in gamete- and spore- forming cells (meiosis). We found many opportunities to consider the methods and reasoning by which much of this information was acquired. From the explanations given in the chapter, answer the following questions. (a) How do we know that chromosomes exist in homologous pairs? (b) How do we know that DNA replication occurs during interphase, not early in mitosis? (c) How do we know that mitotic chromosomes are derived from chromatin?

During meiosis I, assuming no crossing over, what chromatid combination(s) will be present at the completion of prophase? Draw all possible alignments of chromatids as migration begins during early anaphase.

In mitosis, what chromatid combination(s) will be present during metaphase? What combination(s) will be present at each pole at the completion of anaphase?
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