Chapter 19: Problem 19
Describe the difference between an acute transforming virus and a virus that does not cause tumors.
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Chapter 19: Problem 19
Describe the difference between an acute transforming virus and a virus that does not cause tumors.
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What is the role of the retinoblastoma protein in cell-cycle regulation? Is the retinoblastoma gene a tumor-suppressor gene or an oncogene?
Do proto-oncogenes only have gain-of-function mutations but never loss-of- function ones to become oncogenes? Explain.
Explain why many oncogenic viruses contain genes whose products interact with tumor-suppressor proteins.
Those who inherit a mutant allele of the \(R B 1\) gene are at risk for developing a bone cancer called osteosarcoma. You suspect that in these cases, osteosarcoma requires a mutation in the second \(R B 1\) allele, and you have cultured some osteosarcoma cells and obtained a cDNA clone of a normal human \(R B I\) gene. A colleague sends you a research paper revealing that a strain of cancer-prone mice develop malignant tumors when injected with osteosarcoma cells, and you obtain these mice. Using these three resources, what experiments would you perform to determine (a) whether osteosarcoma cells carry two \(R B 1\) mutations, (b) whether osteosarcoma cells produce any \(\mathrm{pRB}\) protein, and (c) if the addition of a normal \(R B 1\) gene will change the cancer-causing notential of astensarcama cells?
How are epigenetic changes associated with cancer? What kind of epigenetic changes may be required for a normal cell to become malignant?
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