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Chapter 11: Problem 17

What would be the impact of the loss of processivity on DNA Pol III?

Short Answer

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Answer: Reduced processivity in DNA Pol III may lead to decreased replication speed, increased error rates during replication, processing issues with Okazaki fragments, and potential compensation from other replication enzymes. Ultimately, these consequences may impact cellular viability, leading to slower replication, increased mutation rates, and potential genomic instability.

Step by step solution

01

Impact on replication speed

DNA Pol III with reduced processivity will dissociate from the template DNA more frequently during replication. This will significantly hinder replication progress since the enzyme will need to reattach multiple times, decreasing replication speed and elongation efficiency.
02

Impact on replication fidelity

Processivity is important for ensuring replication fidelity. DNA Pol III's increased dissociation rates due to lower processivity might lead to a higher error rate or more frequent stalling, as DNA Pol III might not be able to efficiently correct mismatched base pairs before detaching from the DNA.
03

Impact on Okazaki fragment processing

Loss of processivity in DNA Pol III may affect the processing of Okazaki fragments during lagging strand synthesis. Frequent dissociation of the enzyme may cause an increase in the number of Okazaki fragments, potentially affecting overall replication efficiency.
04

Compensation by other replication enzymes

Other replication enzymes, such as DNA Pol I or the sliding clamp (尾 clamp), may be able to partially compensate for the loss of processivity in DNA Pol III. However, this may not fully restore replication efficiency, and it might increase the chances of errors in DNA synthesis.
05

Overall impact on cellular processes

DNA replication is a fundamental process in cell division and growth. A significant reduction in processivity of DNA Pol III may have broad implications for cellular viability. It may lead to slower replication, increased mutation rates, and potential genomic instability, ultimately affecting normal cell function and potentially leading to a higher chance of disease or dysfunction.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

List and describe the function of the ten subunits constituting DNA polymerase III. Distinguish between the holoenzyme and the core enzyme.

DNA polymerases in all organisms add only \(5^{\prime}\) nucleotides to the \(3^{\prime}\) end of a growing DNA strand, never to the \(5^{\prime}\) end. One possible reason for this is the fact that most DNA polymerases have a proofreading function that would not be energetically possible if DNA synthesis occurred in the \(3^{\prime}\) to \(5^{\prime}\) direction. (a) Sketch the reaction that DNA polymerase would have to catalyze if DNA synthesis occurred in the \(3^{\prime}\) to \(5^{\prime}\) direction. (b) Consider the information in your sketch and speculate as to why proofreading would be problematic.

You have generated a mutant strain of eukaryotic cells that constitutively express proteins required for translesion DNA synthesis (TLS). Would these cells have a mutator phenotype? Explain. One of the strains that you are working with shows an additional mutation whereby the processivity of a TLS polymerase is increased. What would be the consequence of this mutation?

Many of the gene products involved in DNA synthesis were initially defined by studying mutant \(E .\) coli strains that could not synthesize DNA. (a) The \(d n a E\) gene encodes the a subunit of DNA polymerase III. What effect is expected from a mutation in this gene? How could the mutant strain be maintained? (b) The \(d n a Q\) gene encodes the \(\varepsilon\) subunit of DNA polymerase. What effect is expected from a mutation in this gene?

Prokaryotic Okazaki fragments are in the range of 1200 nucleotides, while eukaryotic fragments are much shorter, more in the range of \(100-150\) nucleotides. Balakrishnan and Bambara (2013) suggest that the shorter length of Okazaki fragments is determined by nucleosome periodicity. Design an experiment to determine whether or not the length of Okazaki fragments in eukaryotes is dependent on nucleosomes being present on \(\mathrm{J}\)
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