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Transmission genetics is the study of how traits are passed from one generation to another (parent to offspring) through inheritance. This is also known as Mendelian genetics or classical genetics as it is based on the principles of inheritance established by Gregor Mendel.

There are several key biological processes that are studied under transmission genetics, which help us understand how an individual's traits are inherited and expressed: 1. Gene inheritance: How individual genes are transmitted from parent to offspring. 2. Chromosome behavior: How chromosomes carrying the genetic information segregate and assort during the formation of reproductive cells (Meiosis). 3. Genotype-phenotype relationship: How the combination of inherited genes (genotype) results in observable traits (phenotype). 4. Gene linkage and recombination: How genes that are located close together on the same chromosome can be inherited together (linkage) and how they can be separated through the process of genetic recombination. 5. Gene interaction: How one gene can influence the expression of other genes. 6. Inheritance patterns: How traits are inherited according to different modes of inheritance, such as autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked dominant, X-linked recessive, and mitochondrial inheritance. By studying these various biological processes, transmission geneticists aim to understand the principles of inheritance and predict the inheritance patterns of different traits in different organisms.