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Chapter 18: Problem 21

Describe the age structures in rapidly growing countries, slowly growing countries, and countries with zero population growth.

Short Answer

Expert verified
In rapidly growing countries, the age structure is usually characterized by many youngsters and fewer older individuals due to high fertility rates and lower longevity. Slowly growing countries have a more uniform distribution across age groups, typically due to declining birth rates and longer lifespan. Countries with zero population growth have an 'upside-down pyramid' age structure, with more older people than young due to factors like low fertility rates, high life expectancy, and little or no net migration.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Age Structure

The age structure of a population is the distribution of people of various ages. It is typically depicted in a pyramid shape graph, where males and females are represented on the left and right sides, respectively, and the ages from oldest at the top to youngest at the bottom.
02

Age structure in Rapidly Growing Countries

In rapidly growing countries, the population pyramid would typically have a broad base and narrow top, meaning there are many young people and fewer older individuals. This is usually due to high fertility rates and lower average lifespans. An example of such a country is Nigeria.
03

Age structure in Slowly Growing Countries

In slowly growing countries, the population pyramid tends to more cylindrical, meaning there is a more even distribution across age groups. This is often due to declining fertility rates and increased life expectancy. An example of such a country is the United States.
04

Age structure in Zero Population Growth Countries

Countries with zero population growth often have an upside-down pyramid or 'top-heavy' age structure, as there are more older people than young. This could be due to a combination of low fertility rates, high life expectancy and little to no net migration. An example of such a country is Japan. Migration could be another factor affecting these patterns.

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