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Chapter 1: Problem 7

Gastrin is a hormone which controls production of: a. renin b. mucus c. HCl d. lipase e. amylase

Short Answer

Expert verified
c. HCl

Step by step solution

01

- Understand the Role of Gastrin

Gastrin is a hormone that stimulates the secretion of gastric acid and aids in gastric motility which is a fundamental process in the digestive system.
02

- Identify Each Option

Review what each substance in the options does: - Renin: An enzyme involved in blood pressure regulation. - Mucus: Substance that protects and lubricates surfaces. - HCl: Hydrochloric acid that aids digestion in the stomach. - Lipase: Enzyme that breaks down fats. - Amylase: Enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates.
03

- Match Gastrin to the Correct Option

Gastrin's primary function is to stimulate the production of gastric acid (HCl) in the stomach. Among the given options, HCl is the correct match.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Gastric acid production
Gastric acid, also known as hydrochloric acid (HCl), is an essential component of the digestive system. Produced by parietal cells in the stomach lining, it plays a crucial role in breaking down food. HCl helps to:
  • Break down food into smaller pieces, making it easier for enzymes to digest.
  • Kill harmful bacteria and pathogens ingested with food.
  • Create an acidic environment that activates pepsinogen into pepsin, an enzyme crucial for protein digestion.
The secretion of gastric acid is tightly regulated, and one of the main regulatory hormones involved is gastrin. Gastrin stimulates parietal cells to produce HCl when food enters the stomach, ensuring the stomach maintains an optimal acidic pH for digestion.
Digestive hormones
Digestive hormones are vital messengers that help coordinate various functions in the digestive system. They ensure efficient processing of food from ingestion to excretion. Key digestive hormones include:
  • Gastrin: Stimulates the secretion of gastric acid and promotes gastric motility.
  • Secretin: Prompts the pancreas to release bicarbonate, neutralizing stomach acid as chyme enters the small intestine.
  • Cholecystokinin (CCK): Signals the gallbladder to release bile and the pancreas to secrete digestive enzymes, aiding in the digestion of fats and proteins.
  • Ghrelin: Often called the 'hunger hormone,' it stimulates appetite and increases food intake.
  • Motilin: Regulates the migrating motor complex, helping to clear the gastrointestinal tract between meals.
These hormones work together to ensure that digestion proceeds smoothly, from breaking down food in the stomach to absorbing nutrients in the intestines.
Enzyme functions in digestion
Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions, playing a crucial role in the digestive process. Different enzymes target specific types of nutrients, breaking them down into absorbable units. Key digestive enzymes include:
  • Amylase: Starts carbohydrate digestion in the mouth by breaking down starches into sugars.
  • Pepsin: Produced in the stomach, it digests proteins into peptides.
  • Lipase: Secreted by the pancreas, it breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol.
  • Trypsin: Also from the pancreas, it continues protein digestion in the small intestine, breaking peptides into amino acids.
  • Maltase, Sucrase, and Lactase: These enzymes, found in the small intestine, break down specific sugars (maltose, sucrose, and lactose, respectively) into simple sugars like glucose.
Without these enzymes, our bodies would struggle to obtain vital nutrients from food. Enzymes work best at specific pH levels, which is why the body carefully regulates the environment within different parts of the digestive tract.

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