/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 3 Immunonephelometry is based upon... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91影视

91影视

Log out

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 1: Problem 3

Immunonephelometry is based upon the principle that: a. antigen and antibody form complexes in antigen excess b. antigen and antibody react to form precipitin line c. antigen and antibody form small complexes in antibody excess d. antigen and antibody form large complexes which precipitate e. antigen and antibody form large lattice structures which precipitate

Short Answer

Expert verified
e. antigen and antibody form large lattice structures which precipitate

Step by step solution

01

Understand Immunonephelometry

Immunonephelometry is a technique used to measure the concentration of analytes in a solution based on the light scattered by antigen-antibody complexes.
02

Analyze the given options

Consider each option to determine if it aligns with the principle of immunonephelometry. Compare and contrast them to understand the process behind the technique.
03

Evaluate Option (a)

Option (a) suggests that antigen and antibody form complexes in antigen excess. This does not necessarily describe the principle of immunonephelometry, as it could also refer to other assays.
04

Evaluate Option (b)

Option (b) refers to the formation of a precipitin line, which is typically associated with techniques like double immunodiffusion, not immunonephelometry.
05

Evaluate Option (c)

Option (c) mentions the formation of small complexes in antibody excess. This is also not specific to immunonephelometry.
06

Evaluate Option (d)

Option (d) states that large complexes precipitate. This scenario does not align with the principle of immunonephelometry, which involves light scattering rather than precipitation.
07

Evaluate Option (e)

Option (e) suggests that antigen and antibody form large lattice structures which precipitate. Immunonephelometry measures light scattered by large immune complexes, which is consistent with the principle of this technique.
08

Conclusion

Based on evaluating the options, the principle of immunonephelometry aligns best with the formation of large lattice structures that scatter light.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with 91影视!

Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Antigen-Antibody Complexes
An antigen-antibody complex is formed when an antigen (a substance that the body recognizes as foreign) binds with an antibody (a protein produced by the immune system). These complexes are essential for the immune system to identify and neutralize pathogens like bacteria and viruses.
There are different types of complexes depending on the relative amount of antigens and antibodies:
  • **Antigen excess:** More antigens are present, leading to small immune complexes.
  • **Antibody excess:** More antibodies are present, leading to small complexes as well.
  • **Equivalence:** Antigens and antibodies are in optimal proportions, forming large lattice structures.
Understanding these complexes is crucial for many immunoassays, including immunonephelometry.
Light Scattering
Light scattering is a process where particles in a solution deflect light in multiple directions. In immunonephelometry, when light passes through a solution containing antigen-antibody complexes, these complexes scatter the light.
The degree of light scattering is directly related to the size and concentration of the complexes:
  • **Small complexes:** Scatter less light.
  • **Large complexes:** Scatter more light.
Using this phenomenon, we can determine the concentration of antigens or antibodies in a solution by measuring the intensity of the scattered light.
Immunoassays
Immunoassays are laboratory techniques used to detect or measure specific proteins or other substances through their properties as antigens or antibodies. Immunonephelometry is one such immunoassay.
Key points about immunoassays include:
  • **Specificity:** The ability to detect a particular antigen or antibody.
  • **Sensitivity:** The ability to detect small amounts of the substance.
  • **Quantification:** The capacity to measure the concentration of the target molecule.
Different immunoassays use different principles, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), radioimmunoassays (RIA), and nephelometry. Each has its own advantages and applications.
Concentration Measurement
Concentration measurement is vital in various scientific and clinical settings to determine the amount of a substance in a sample. In immunonephelometry, concentration is measured by evaluating the light scattering of immune complexes.
Steps to measure concentration using immunonephelometry:
  • **Preparation:** Mix the sample with a known quantity of antigen or antibody.
  • **Incubation:** Allow sufficient time for complexes to form.
  • **Light Scattering Measurement:** Shine light through the solution and measure the scattered light intensity.
  • **Data Analysis:** Use a standard curve to interpret the scattered light intensity into concentration values.
This technique is widely used for measuring proteins, hormones, and other analytes in blood and other body fluids, providing crucial information for diagnostics and research.

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

Which one of the following observations are not consistent with the diagnosis of Conn鈥檚 sydrome? a. low serum potassium b. high urine potassium excretion c. polyuria and polydipsia d. hypertension e. high plasma renin activity

Cortisol has only weak mineralocorticoid activity in the kidney because a. it has low affinity for the aldosterone receptor b. it is rapidly converted by an enzyme in the renal cell to inactive cortisone c. it can not enter the renal cell d. it is in too low concentration e. it is very rapidly filtered through the glomerulus and is therefore ineffective.

Use the following Key to answer Questions 20-27: a. 1, 2, and 3 are correct b. 1 and 3 are correct c. 2 and 4 are correct d. 4 only is correct e. all are correct An advantage of kinetic methods of measuring enzyme activity is that: 1\. temperature is not critical 2\. pH is not critical 3\. there is elimination of the lag phase 4\. linearity is demonstrable

The most important symptom associated with pheochromocytoma is a. cardiac palpitations b. increased sweating c. headache d. increased anxiety e. sustained or episodic hypertension

Use the following Key to answer Questions. a. 1,2 , and 3 are correct b. 1 and 3 are correct c. 2 and 4 are correct d. 4 only is correct \(\mathrm{e}\), all are correct Which of the following statements about poisons are true? 1\. all substances are poisons 2\. poisons differ qualitatively from other compounds 3\. substances taken in sufficient quantities will be poisons 4\. most poisons have antidotes
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Biology Textbooks

Biological Processes

Read Explanation

Cell Communication

Read Explanation

Biological Structures

Read Explanation

Control of Gene Expression

Read Explanation

Ecosystems

Read Explanation

Cell Cycle

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.