/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 17 Which of the following arterial ... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91影视

91影视

Log out

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 9: Problem 17

Which of the following arterial blood gas values represents metabolic acidosis? 1\. \(\mathrm{pH}=7.30, \mathrm{pCO}_2=50 \mathrm{~mm} \mathrm{Hg}, \mathrm{HCO}_3=\) \(24 \mathrm{mEq} / \mathrm{L}\) 2\. \(\mathrm{pH}=7.20, \mathrm{pCO}_2=36 \mathrm{~mm} \mathrm{Hg}, \mathrm{HCO}_3=\) \(18 \mathrm{mEq} / \mathrm{L}\) 3\. \(\mathrm{pH}=7.80, \mathrm{pCO}_2=37 \mathrm{~mm} \mathrm{Hg}, \mathrm{HCO}_3=\) \(32 \mathrm{mEq} / \mathrm{L}\) 4\. \(\mathrm{pH}=7.60, \mathrm{pCO}_2=38 \mathrm{~mm} \mathrm{Hg}, \mathrm{HCO}_3=\) \(30 \mathrm{mEq} / \mathrm{L}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
Option 2 with \( \text{pH} = 7.20 \) and \( \text{HCO}_3 = 18 \) mEq/L represents metabolic acidosis.

Step by step solution

01

Understand Metabolic Acidosis

Metabolic acidosis is characterized by a decreased blood pH and a decrease in bicarbonate (HCO鈧冣伝) levels. The normal pH range is 7.35-7.45, and normal HCO鈧冣伝 levels are between 22-28 mEq/L. In metabolic acidosis, the pH is below 7.35 and HCO鈧冣伝 is below 22 mEq/L.
02

Analyze Option 1

For option 1, the values are: \( \text{pH} = 7.30 \), \( \text{pCO}_2 = 50 \text{ mmHg} \), and \( \text{HCO}_3 = 24 \text{ mEq/L} \). The pH indicates acidosis, but the HCO鈧冣伝 level is normal. This implies respiratory acidosis rather than metabolic acidosis.
03

Analyze Option 2

For option 2, the values are: \( \text{pH} = 7.20 \), \( \text{pCO}_2 = 36 \text{ mmHg} \), and \( \text{HCO}_3 = 18 \text{ mEq/L} \). Here, both the pH and HCO鈧冣伝 are below their normal ranges, which is indicative of metabolic acidosis.
04

Analyze Option 3

For option 3, the values are: \( \text{pH} = 7.80 \), \( \text{pCO}_2 = 37 \text{ mmHg} \), and \( \text{HCO}_3 = 32 \text{ mEq/L} \). This case shows an increased pH, indicating alkalosis, not acidosis.
05

Analyze Option 4

For option 4, the values are: \( \text{pH} = 7.60 \), \( \text{pCO}_2 = 38 \text{ mmHg} \), and \( \text{HCO}_3 = 30 \text{ mEq/L} \). The elevated pH indicates alkalosis, with HCO鈧冣伝 also elevated, confirming metabolic alkalosis.
06

Conclusion

Only option 2 matches the characteristics of metabolic acidosis, with both a low pH and decreased HCO鈧冣伝 levels.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with 91影视!

Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Arterial Blood Gases
Arterial blood gases (ABGs) are crucial measurements, often used in hospitals to monitor the acid-base balance and respiratory function of patients. These tests help in diagnosing and assessing different types of acidosis and alkalosis.

Key components measured in arterial blood gases include:
  • pH: Indicates the acidity or alkalinity of the blood. A pH below 7.35 suggests acidosis, while above 7.45 indicates alkalosis.
  • pCO2: Represents the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood. Normal values are typically between 35鈥�45 mm Hg, and deviations can suggest issues in respiratory function.
  • HCO3: Known as bicarbonate, a key component of maintaining pH balance, with normal levels ranging from 22鈥�28 mEq/L.
Recognizing abnormal combinations of these values is vital for diagnosing conditions like metabolic acidosis.
Acid-Base Balance
The acid-base balance in the body is a delicate equilibrium between acids and bases. It is essential for many physiological processes, and any imbalance can significantly impact the body's function.

The body maintains this balance through:
  • Buffer systems: Quick-response mechanisms involving chemicals like bicarbonate, to minimize pH changes.
  • Respiratory system: Regulates carbon dioxide levels through breathing. Increased respiration can lower blood CO2 and raise pH.
  • Renal system: The kidneys adjust bicarbonate levels to compensate for changes in blood pH over a longer period of time.
Metabolic acidosis occurs when the bicarbonate level falls below normal, leading to a drop in blood pH. Recognizing figures from ABGs that suggest this issue is integral to managing acid-base disorders.
Physiology Concepts
Understanding physiology concepts helps in grasping how diseases and imbalances like metabolic acidosis affect the body. Metabolic acidosis can result from increased acid production or bicarbonate loss, disturbing chemical equilibrium.

Causes of metabolic acidosis include:
  • Ketoacidosis, which is often linked to uncontrolled diabetes.
  • Lactic acidosis, arising from oxygen deprivation or vigorous exercise.
  • Renal tubular acidosis, due to kidney dysfunction.
  • Diarrhea, which leads to bicarbonate loss with intestinal contents.
Clinically, patients with metabolic acidosis may show rapid breathing as the body attempts to decrease carbon dioxide and increase pH levels. Awareness of the physiological bases of such reactions provides insight into essential diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

The nurse notes a cloudy appearance to the lens of an 80-year-old client's eye. Which of the following additional assessment findings would help confirm the diagnosis of cataracts? 1\. sense of curtain falling over the visual field 2\. persistent, dull eye pain 3\. loss of red reflex 4\. double vision

All of the following nursing strategies are successful when caring for an clder who has experienced tactile losses except? 1\. Encourage the use of hot water bottles or heating pads. 2\. Provide assistive devices such as canes or walkers. 3\. Frequent position changes if bedridden or wheel chair bound. 4\. Use firm gentle pressure when touching the clder.

In order to provide culturally competent care, the nurse plans to provide a Chinese client with which of the following as the highest priority? 1\. visit from a rabbi 2\. choice of diet 3\. written discharge instructions rather than oral 4\. teaching video instead of oral and written instructions

Sarah Morgan, age 77, is admitted to the medicalsurgical unit because of uncontrolled diabetes. When assessing this elderly client, the nurse should place extra emphasis on which component of the health history? 1\. developmental considerations 2\. childhood illnesses 3\. biographic data 4\. role and relationship patterns

ou have access to patient laboratory reports on your work computer and have accessed one patient's current test results. You should: 1\. not leave the results visible on the screen when you step away from the computer. 2\. not leave the results visible on the screen where a visitor to your unit may see them. 3\. always sign off of the computer when it is not directly in use so that unauthorized persons may not access confidential information. 4\. all of the above.
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Biology Textbooks

Astrobiological Science

Read Explanation

Biological Organisms

Read Explanation

Responding to Change

Read Explanation

Cell Cycle

Read Explanation

Cellular Energetics

Read Explanation

Chemistry of Life

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.