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Phloem sap is composed of minerals, nutrients, sugars, hormones, and water. The phloem sap facilitates the movement of carbohydrates from the source where it is produced and when it reaches the sink where it is stored.

The movement of phloem sap cannot occur from the source to the sink directly through the sieve tube elements. These sieve tube elements allow the movement of substances across a concentration gradient and turgor pressure but do not necessarily involve the movement of carbohydrates from source to sink.

Thus, the movement of phloem sap does not occur through the apoplast of sieve elements.

Therefore, the given option is false.

The movement of phloem sap can ultimately occur with the help of proton pumps. The proton pumps use energy molecules to produce an electrochemical gradient that pushes the molecules from the source to the sink.

Thus, the movement of phloem sap occurs through proton pumps.

Therefore, the given option is true.

The movement of phloem sap does not occur through negative pressures or tension because this type of movement is observed in the xylem. In phloem, the movement is driven by positive hydrostatic pressure. This process causes the movement of the phloem via osmosis.

Thus, the movement of phloem sap does not occur through negative pressures.

Therefore, the given option is false.

Proton pumps and perforated sieve tubes drive the movement of the phloem sap. Diffusion does not help in the movement of cell sap. However, diffusion comes into play when the phloem sap has to unload itself at the sap.

Thus, the movement of phloem sap does not occur mainly from diffusion.

Therefore, the given option is false.