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Chapter 28: Q28.1-1CC (page 597)

Cite at least four examples of structural and functional diversity among protists.

Short Answer

Expert verified

Protists are organisms that belong to the domain Eukarya. They can be unicellular (like red algae), multicellular (seaweeds), and colonial (like choanoflagellates). They can be phototrophs or heterotrophs.

They reproduce asexually by the process of binary fission or sexually by conjugation. They mostly survive in a moist environment because most of the protists are aquatic organisms.

Step by step solution

01

Types of kingdoms

The scientist Robert Whittaker classified organisms into five kingdoms that are Monera (such as bacteria), Protista (such as algae), Fungi (such as yeasts), Plantae (such as moss), and Animalia (such as humans).

The organisms in kingdom protists contain cilia or flagella for movement. This kingdom possesses eukaryotic organisms.

02

Structural diversity in protists

There can be animal-like protists (they are heterotrophs and motile) such as protozoa, plant-like protists (can perform photosynthesis and autotrophs in nature) such as called diatoms, and fungus-like protists (reproduce by spore formation, and possess cell wall in their cell) such as molds.

03

Functional diversity in protists

Protist cells require energy to grow, reproduce and maintain homeostasis in the cell. There are three modes of nutrition in protists that are autotrophic, Heterotrophic, and Mixotrophic.

Autotrophic protists prepare their food themselves with inorganic materials. On the other hand, heterotrophic protists prepare their food by eating other organisms. Mixotrophic protists can perform both autotrophic and mixotrophic nutrition.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Plastids that are surrounded by more than two membranes are evidence of

(A) evolution from mitochondria.

(B) fusion of plastids.

(C) origin of the plastids from archaea.

(D) secondary endosymbiosis.

Biologists think that endosymbiosis gave rise to mitochondria before plastids partly because

(A) the products of photosynthesis could not be metabolized without mitochondrial enzymes.

(B) all eukaryotes have mitochondria (or their remnants), whereas many eukaryotes do not have plastids.

(C) mitochondrial DNA is less similar to prokaryotic DNA than is plastid DNA.

(D) without mitochondrial CO2 production, photosynthesis could not occur.

Would you expect the plastid DNA of photosynthetic dinoflagellates, diatoms, and golden algae to be more similar to the nuclear DNA of plants (domain Eukarya) or to the chromosomal DNA of cyanobacteria (domain Bacteria)? Explain.

First, make sure you understand how to read the comparison matrix.

Find the cell that represents the comparison of C. testosteroniandE. coli. What value is given in this cell? What does that value signifyabout the comparable rRNA gene sequences in those two organisms?Explain why some cells have a dash rather than a value. Whyare some cells shaded gray, with no value?

Wheat mitochondrion

A. tumefaciens

C. testosteroni

E. coli

M. capricolum

A. nidulans

Wheat mitochondrion

-

48

38

35

34

34

A. tumefacians

-

55

57

52

53

C. testosterone

-

61

52

52

E. coli

-

48

52

M. capricolum

-

50

A. nidulans

-

DRAW IT Medical researchers seek to develop drugs that can kill or restrict the growth of human pathogens yet have few harmful effects on patients. These drugs often work by disrupting the metabolism of the pathogen or by targeting its structural features. Draw and label a phylogenetic tree that includes an ancestral prokaryote and the following groups of organisms: Excavata, SAR, Archaeplastida, Unikonta, and, within Unikonta, amoebozoans, animals, choanoflagellates, fungi, and nucleariids. Based on this tree, hypothesize whether it would be most difficult to develop drugs to combat human pathogens that are prokaryotes, protists, animals, or fungi. (You do not need to consider the evolution of drug resistance by the pathogen.)
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