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Compare and contrast a pine cone and a flower in terms of structure and function

Short Answer

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Cones have a woody texture, and it helps to protect the seed. Flowers feature colorful petals, sepals (below-petal leaves), stamens, and pistils, and it plays a role in reproduction.

Step by step solution

01

Introduction of pine cone

A pine cone is among the brown oval seed casings that pine trees generate. The seeds are protected inside the scale leaves, and it also protects from harsh climatic conditions.

02

Characterization of flower

A flower is a specialized stalk with sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels, which are four types of modified leaves known as floral organs. The sepals begin near the flower base. They are usually green and envelop the flower before it opens.

In most flowers, the petals are brilliantly colored and can help attract pollinators located within the sepals. Wind pollinated flowers, such as grasses, are usually devoid of vividly colored portions.

03

Difference in structure and function of pinecones and flower

The structures of flowers and cones are vastly different. Cones appear woody when mature.They are long and covered with scales. Flowers feature colorful petals, sepals (below-petal leaves), and stamens and pistils, which are male and female reproductive parts, respectively.

Pinecones consist of thickly covered 鈥渟cales鈥 to protect their seeds from colder temperatures, storms, snow, and even animals that may consume their treasured cargo. In contrast, the flower is consists of male and female gametes that help in the reproduction and production of fruits.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Use the letters a鈥揹 to label where on the phylogenetic tree each of the following derived characters appears. (A) flowers (B) embryos (C) seeds (D) vascular tissue.

Early seed plants in the genus Elkinsia are a sister group to a clade consisting of gymnosperms and angiosperms. Draw a phylogenetic tree of seed plants that shows Elkinsia, gymnosperms, and angiosperms; date the branch points on this tree using fossil evidence. (See Figure 26.5.)

What features not present in seedless plants have contributed to the success of seed plants on land?

As will be described in detail in Concept 38.1, the female gametophyte of angiosperms typically has seven cells, one of which, the central cell, contains two haploid nuclei. After double fertilization, the central cell develops into endosperm, which is triploid. Because magnoliids, monocots, and eudicots typically have female gametophytes with seven cells and triploid endosperm, scientists assumed that this was the ancestral state for angiosperms. Consider, however, the following recent discoveries:

  • Our understanding of angiosperm phylogeny has changed to that shown in Figure 30.14b.

  • Amborella trichopodahas eight-celled female gametophytes and triploid endosperm.

  • Water lilies and star anise have four-celled female gametophytes and diploid endosperm.

(a) Draw a phylogeny of the angiosperms (see Figure 30.14b), incorporating the data given above about the number of cells in female gametophytes and the ploidy of the endosperm. Assume that all of the star anise relatives have four-celled female gametophytes and diploid endosperm.

(b) What does your labeled phylogeny suggest about the evolution of the female gametophyte and endosperm in angiosperms?

Explain why plant diversity can be considered a nonrenewable resource.

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