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Which of the following is not a characteristic that distinguishes gymnosperms and angiosperms from other plants?

(A) dependent gametophytes

(B) ovules

(C) pollen

(D) alternation of generations

Short Answer

Expert verified

(A) The option 鈥渄ependent gametophytes鈥 isfalse.

(B) The option 鈥渙vules鈥 isfalse.

(C) The option 鈥減ollens鈥 isfalse.

(D) The option 鈥渁lternation of generations鈥 is true.

Step by step solution

01

Diversity of Kingdom Plantae

The Kingdom Plantae comprises photosynthetic members of different structural organizations. Some groups lack proper tissues for water conduction, while some have specialized tissues for conducting water and nutrients. Some are categorized as non-seed plants, while some plants are classified as seed plants.

02

Explanation of option ‘(A)’

The plants under angiosperms and gymnosperm groups are considered to be the most evolved. The sporophytic body structure dominates the life cycle and is photosynthetically active.

On the other hand, gametophytic structures are not photosynthetic. This means gametophytes are dependent on sporophytic bodies for food.

Thus, the dependence of gametophytes on sporophytic generation is only found in angiosperms and gymnosperms.

Therefore, the given option is false.

03

Explanation of option ‘(B)’

Ovules are the cells that contain the female gametic cell (egg cells) and are only found in the seed plants (angiosperms and gymnosperms). The non-seed plants lack the development of ovules, and so it is another distinguishing characteristic of seed plants.

Thus, the egg cells containing ovules are only present in female gametophytes of seed plants.

Therefore, the given option is false.

04

Explanation of option ‘(C)’

The seed plants, that is, the angiosperm and gymnosperm plants, exhibit heterospory by forming distinguishable male and female gametes. The male gametic cells are produced by microgametophytes which are stored within pollens.

Thus, pollens are only present in members of gymnosperms and angiosperms.

Therefore, the given option is false.

05

Explanation of option ‘(D)’

The life cycle exhibited by different eukaryotic kingdoms can be of different types; in the Kingdom Plantae, every member undergoes a single life cycle, which is an alternation of generation. In this life cycle, a multicellular body is observed in both sporophytic and gametophytic structures.

Thus, the alternation of generation is exhibited by all plants and is not a distinguishing character.

Therefore, the given option is true.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

History of life has been punctuated by several mass extinctions. For example, the impact of a meteorite may have wiped out most of the dinosaurs and many forms of marine life at the end of the Cretaceous period (see Concept 25.4). Fossils indicate that plants were less severely affected by this mass extinction. What adaptations may have enabled plants to withstand this disaster better than animals?

As will be described in detail in Concept 38.1, the female gametophyte of angiosperms typically has seven cells, one of which, the central cell, contains two haploid nuclei. After double fertilization, the central cell develops into endosperm, which is triploid. Because magnoliids, monocots, and eudicots typically have female gametophytes with seven cells and triploid endosperm, scientists assumed that this was the ancestral state for angiosperms. Consider, however, the following recent discoveries:

  • Our understanding of angiosperm phylogeny has changed to that shown in Figure 30.14b.

  • Amborella trichopodahas eight-celled female gametophytes and triploid endosperm.

  • Water lilies and star anise have four-celled female gametophytes and diploid endosperm.

(a) Draw a phylogeny of the angiosperms (see Figure 30.14b), incorporating the data given above about the number of cells in female gametophytes and the ploidy of the endosperm. Assume that all of the star anise relatives have four-celled female gametophytes and diploid endosperm.

(b) What does your labeled phylogeny suggest about the evolution of the female gametophyte and endosperm in angiosperms?

It is said that oak is an acorn's way of making more acorns. Write an explanation that includes these terms: sporophyte, gametophyte, ovule. In-plant species, the ovule is the megasporangium. It has an embryo sac generated by the functional megaspore, seed, ovary, and fruit.

Where in an angiosperm would you find a megasporangium?

(A) in the style of a flower

(B) enclosed in the stigma of a flower

(C) within an ovule contained within an ovary

of a flower

(D) packed into pollen sacs within the anthers found on a

stamen

Why do you think there was more carbon-14 in the germinated seed?

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