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Chapter 26: Q26-6TYU. (page 570)

If you were using cladistics to build a phylogenetic tree of cats,

which of the following would be the best outgroup?

(A) wolf

(B) domestic cat

(C) lion

(D) leopard

Short Answer

Expert verified

(A)The option 鈥渨olf鈥� is correct.

(B)The option 鈥渄omestic cat鈥� is incorrect.

(C)The option 鈥渓ion鈥� is incorrect.

(D)The option 鈥渓eopard鈥� is incorrect.

Step by step solution

01

Phylogenetic tree

The branching diagram that shows evolutionary characteristics (similarity and differences) between several biological species is called the phylogenetic tree. It shows the correlation between a group of living beings that share a familiar ancestor.

02

Explanation of option (A)

Wolf is an animal that consists of the scientific name Canis lupus and the family Canidae. The outgroup includes closely related species that do not belong to the same taxon. Wolf is not morphologically similar to cats, hence considered as an outgroup.

Thus, the wolf can be considered as the outgroup to build the polygenetic tree of cats.

Therefore, the given statement is correct.

03

Explanation of option (B)

Domestic cats are organisms that belong to carnivorous animals. They are morphologically related to cats and can be considered as ingroup, not an outgroup, in constructing the polygenetic tree of a given organism.

Thus, domestic cats cannot be considered as an outgroup to build the polygenetic tree of cats.

Therefore, the given statement is incorrect.

04

Explanation of option (C) 

Lions are organisms that belong to the kingdom Animalia and the family Felidae. They show similar characteristics to cats and leopards. Hence, they cannot be considered as an outgroup in the polygenetic tree.

Thus, lions cannot be considered as the outgroup to build the polygenetic tree of cats.

Therefore, the given statement is incorrect.

05

Explanation of option (D)

Leopards are animals that consist of the scientific name Panthera pardus. They show similar characteristics to cats, tigers, and cheetahs. So, in constructing a polygenetic tree of cats, they can be considered as an ingroup.

Thus, leopards cannot be considered as the outgroup to build the polygenetic tree of cats.

Therefore, the given statement is incorrect.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY 鈥� DRAW IT (a) Draw a phylogenetic tree based on characters 1鈥�5 in the table below. Place hatch marks on the tree to indicate the origin(s) of characters 1鈥�6. (b) Assume that tuna and dolphins are sister species and redraw the phylogenetic tree accordingly. Use hatch marks to indicate the origin(s) of characters 1鈥�6. (c) Determine how many evolutionary changes are required in each tree. Identify the most parsimonious tree.

Do these data support the hypothesis that aphids acquired the gene for this polypeptide by horizontal gene transfer? Why or why not? If horizontal gene transfer did occur, what type of organism is likely to have been the source?

VISUAL SKILLS- Which levels of the classification in Figure 26.3 do humans share with leopards?

Which organism has the most amino acids in common with the aphid? Rank the partial polypeptides from the other four organisms in degree of similarity to that of the aphid.

To apply Parsimony to constructing a phylogenetic tree,

(A) choose the tree that assumes all evolutionary changes are equally probable.

(B) choose the tree in which the branch points are based on as many shared derived characters as possible.

(C) choose the tree that represents the fewest evolutionary changes, in either DNA sequences or morphology.

(D) choose the tree with the fewest branch points.
See all solutions

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