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Ocean acidification refers to a reduction in the pH of the ocean that occurs due to the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide gas from the atmosphere dissolves into the ocean, and the pH of the water drops, making the ocean more acidic.

One of the biggest causes of ocean acidification is fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas.

C₃ plants are those whose first stable intermediate product is phosphoglyceric acid, a 3-carbon molecule. Photosynthesis takes place in mesophyll cells in these plants. These plants thrive in damp, chilly settings.

C4 plants, on the other hand, are those that create oxaloacetate, a four-carbon chemical as the first metabolic intermediate.Photosynthesis occurs in both mesophyll and bundle sheath cells in these plants. Tropical and arid areas are ideal for these plants.

Thus, the climate and environmental conditions affect the distribution of plants on land.

In oceans, the increased level of carbon dioxide causes the depletion of carbonate. This affects the calcification of marine organismsas it is difficult for these animals to produce shells and skeletons, and existing shells may dissolve.

On land, the elevated levels of CO₂ affect the vegetative growth of plants. C₃ plants are more affected than C₄ plantsbecause it causes a decrease in transpiration and an increase in CO₂ absorption rate.

The CO₂ concentrations and air temperature are circumstances to which plants have adapted, and variations in these qualities significantly impact plant photosynthesis. As a result, it affects the distribution of C₃ and C₄.

Changes in these elements have devastating consequences on creatures living across varied ecosystems. Thus, ocean acidification and distribution of plants result from the change in the atmosphere that contains increased carbon dioxide levels.