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Chapter 13: 13-4ITD (page 264)

Given the fact that 1 fg of DNA = 9.78 脳 105 base pairs (on average), you can convert the amount of DNA per cell to the length of DNA in numbers of base pairs. (a) Calculate the number of base pairs of DNA in the haploid yeast genome. Express your answer in millions of base pairs (Mb), a standard unit for expressing genome size. Show your work. (b) How many base pairs per minute were synthesized during the S phase of these yeast cells?

Short Answer

Expert verified

(a)12 Mb (12 x 106 base pairs).

(b) 2.0 x 105 base pairs per minute.

Step by step solution

01

Haploid and diploid organisms

DNA is the genetic material that contains instructions for the genotype and phenotype of an organism. Organisms with a complete set of paired chromosomes, one inherited from each parent, are called diploid organisms.

On the other hand,organisms with half the set of paired chromosomes are called haploid organisms.

02

Calculation of (a)

Given,

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Most popular questions from this chapter

In Figure 13.4, how many DNA molecules (double helices) are present (see Figure 12.5)? What is the haploid number of this cell? Is a set of chromosomes haploid or diploid?

A certain eukaryote lives as a unicellular organism, but during environmental stress, it produces gametes. The gametes fuse, and the resulting zygote undergoes meiosis, generating new single cells. What type of organism could this be?

Most of the yeast cells in the culture were in G1 of the cell cycle before being moved to the nutrient-poor medium. (a) How many femtograms of DNA are there in each yeast cell in G1? Estimate this value from the data in your graph. (b) How many femtograms of DNA should be present in each cell in G2? (See Concept 12.2 and Figure 12.6.) At the end of meiosis I (MI)? At the end of meiosis II (MII)? (See Figure 13.7.) (c) Using these values as a guideline, distinguish the different phases by inserting vertical dashed lines in the graph between phases and label each phase (G1, S, G2, MI, MII). You can figure out where to put the dividing lines based on what you know about the DNA content of each phase (see Figure 13.7). (d) Think carefully about the point where the line at the highest value begins to slope downward. What specific point of meiosis does this 鈥渃orner鈥� represent? What stage(s) correspond to the downward sloping line?

The diagram shows a cell in meiosis.

  1. Label the appropriate structures with these terms: chromosomes (label as duplicated or unduplicated), centromere, kinetochore, sister chromatids, non-sister chromatids. Homologous pair (use a bracket when labeling), homolog (label each one), chiasma sister chromatid cohesion, and gene loci, labeling the alleles of the F and H genes.
  2. Describe the makeup of a haploid set and a diploid set.
  3. Identify the stage of meiosis shown.

The Cavendish banana, the world鈥檚 most popular fruit, is threatened by extinction due to a fungus. This banana variety is "triploid" (3n, with three chromosomes) and can only reproduce through cloning by cultivators. Given what you know about meiosis, please explain how the banana's triploid numbers account for its inability to form a normal gamete. Considering genetic diversity, discuss how the absence of sexual reproduction might make this domesticated species vulnerable to infectious agents.
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