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Chapter 1: Q2. (page 22)

Contrast inductive reasoning with deductive reasoning.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The key difference between inductive and deductive reasoning is that the former proposes a general conclusion from several specific observations. In contrast, the latter proposes a specific conclusion from the general results.

Step by step solution

01

Experimentation and observation in nature 

Many phenomena occur around the world that still lacks elaborated and scientific explanations. Therefore, research and experiments are continuously being conducted to contribute to the scientific community. The scientists investigate their observations and propose various hypotheses.

02

Meaning of scientific reasoning

The scientific reasoning conducted by scientists can be inductive or deductive. Scientific reasoning can be defined as using logic and problem-solving abilities to test and investigate scientific hypotheses and unexplained phenomena.

In this, the data is recorded, and scientific inquiry is conducted.

03

 Step 3: Differences between inductive and deductive reasoning

Inductive reasoning is when some specific observations are studied, and a general conclusion is drawn from them. For example, all organisms comprise cells as a result of inductive reasoning.

On the other hand, deductive reasoning analyzes the generalizations and produces a specific conclusion. For example, one of the multiple related hypotheses is selected, experimented with, and observed to get a predicted and specific result.

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