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Chapter 22: Q22-5TYU (page 483)

DNA sequences in many human genes are very similar to the sequences of corresponding genes in chimpanzees. The most likely explanation for this result is that

(A) humans and chimpanzees share a relatively recent common ancestor.

(B) humans evolved from chimpanzees.

(C) chimpanzees evolved from humans.

(D) convergent evolution led to the DNA similarities.

Short Answer

Expert verified

(A) The statement 鈥渉umans and chimpanzees share a relatively recent common ancestor鈥� is true.

(B) The statement 鈥渉umans evolved from chimpanzees鈥� is false.

(C) The statement 鈥渃himpanzees evolved from humans鈥� is false.

(D) The statement 鈥渃onvergent evolution led to the DNA similarities鈥� is false.

Step by step solution

01

DNA sequencing

The method of DNA sequencing employs the analysis of base pairs among species at the molecular level. The genetic codes, their arrangement, and frequency of similar structures among species are compared during DNA sequencing.

02

Step 2: Explanation for option (A)

Molecular analyses show that humans and chimpanzees exhibit a high level of genetic similarities. The phylogenetic studies exhibit that humans shared the most recent common ancestors with chimpanzees.

Thus, humans and chimpanzees have high genetic similarities as they share common ancestors.

Therefore, the given statement is true.

03

Step 3: Explanation for option (B)

For several years researchers performed several analyses and finally concluded that humans have genetic similarities with the apes. It would be incorrect to infer that humans descended from chimpanzees.

Thus, humans did not evolve from chimpanzees.

Therefore, the given statement is false.

04

Step 4: Explanation for option (C)

Humans and chimpanzees have numerous anatomical similarities, which suggest that they possess some evolutionary relationship. Following the evolutionary chart, one can infer that chimpanzees appeared much before humans.

Thus, chimpanzees did not evolve from humans.

Therefore, the given statement is false.

05

Step 5: Explanation for option (D)

There is a very high percentage of similarities among humans and chimpanzees, and one can infer that both these primates evolved from a common ancestor. They diverged from one another, and this branching appeared due to the divergent evolution.

Thus, chimpanzees and humans do not show convergent evolution.

Therefore, the given statement is false.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Scientific hypotheses must be testable (see Concept 1.3). Applying this criterion, are Cuvier's explanation of the fossil record and Lamarck's hypothesis of evolution scientific? Explain your answer in each case.

Which of the following observations helped Darwin shape his concept of descent with modification?

(A) Species diversity declines farther from the equator.

(B) Fewer species live on islands than on the nearest continents.

(C) Birds live on islands located farther from the mainland than the birds' maximum nonstop flight distance.

(D) South American temperate plants are more similar to the tropical plants of South America than to the temperate plants of Europe.

WHAT IF? Fossils show that dinosaurs originated 200鈥�250 million years ago. Would you expect the geographic distribution of early dinosaur fossils to be broad (on many continents) or narrow (on one or a few continents only)? Explain.

Identify the following elements of hypothesis-based science in this

example: (a) question, (b) hypothesis, (c) prediction, (d) control group, and (e) experimental group.

Within six months of effectively using methicillin to treat S. aureus infections in a community, all new S. aureus infections were caused by MRSA. How can this best be explained?

(A) A patient must have become infected with MRSA from another community.

(B) In response to the drug, S. aureus began making drug-resistant versions of the protein targeted by the drug.

(C) Some drug-resistant bacteria were present at the start of treatment, and natural selection increased their frequency.

(D) S. aureus evolved to resist vaccines.
See all solutions

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