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Chapter 56: Q7TYU (page 1258)
Question: Most CO2 from catabolism is released during
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Which of the following is a consequence of biological magnification?
(A) Toxic chemicals in the environment pose greater risk to top-level predators than to primary consumers.
(B) Populations of top-level predators are generally smaller than populations of primary consumers.
(C) The biomass of producers in an ecosystem is generally higher than the biomass of primary consumers.
(D) Only a small portion of the energy captured by producers is transferred to consumers.
What is the single greatest threat to biodiversity?
(A) overharvesting of commercially important species
(B) habitat alteration, fragmentation, and destruction
(C) introduced species that compete with native species
(D) novel pathogens
One characteristic that distinguishes a population in an extinction vortex from most other populations is that
(A) it is a rare, top-level predator.
(B) its effective population size is lower than its total population size.
(C) its genetic diversity is very low.
(D) it is not well adapted to edge conditions.
Which of the following strategies would most rapidly increase the genetic diversity of a population in an extinction vortex?
(A) Establish a reserve that protects the population鈥檚 habitat.
(B) Introduce new individuals transported from other populations of the same species.
(C) Sterilize the least fit individuals in the population.
(D) Control populations of the endangered population鈥檚 predators and competitors.
DRAW IT Suppose that you are managing a forest reserve, and one of your goals is to protect local populations of woodland birds from parasitism by the brown-headed cowbird. You know that female cowbirds usually do not venture more than about 100 m into a forest and that nest parasitism is reduced when woodland birds nest away from forest edges. The reserve you manage extends about 6,000 m from east to west and 3,000 m from north to south. It is surrounded by a deforested pasture on the west, an agricultural field for 500 m in the southwest corner, and intact forest everywhere else. You must build a road, 10 m by 3,000 m, from the north to the south side of the reserve and construct a maintenance building that will take up 100 m2 in the reserve. Draw a map of the reserve, showing where you would put the road and the building to minimize cowbird intrusion along edges. Explain your reasoning.
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