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Which of the following involves metabolic cooperation among prokaryotic cells?

(A) binary fission

(B) endospore formation

(C) biofilms

(D) photoautotrophy

Short Answer

Expert verified

(A) The option 鈥渂inary fission鈥 is false.

(B) The option 鈥渆ndospore formation鈥 is false.

(C) The option 鈥渆ndospore formation鈥 is true.

(D) The option 鈥渂iofilms鈥 is false.

Step by step solution

01

Prokaryotic Cells

Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms with a plasma membrane that prevents the external and internal contents from mixing up.These cells do not have cell organelles that are bound with external membranes. They are categorized as bacteria and Archaea.

02

Explanation of option ‘(A)’

Binary fission is a form of asexual reproduction in which a single cell divides to produce multiple cells. In this process, a parent cell divides the chromosome equally and passes them on to the daughter cells that will arise in the successive generation.

This process does not involve metabolic cooperation as the daughter cells do not depend on each other for carrying out activities.

Thus, binary fission does not involve metabolic cooperation.

Therefore, the given statement is false.

03

Explanation of option ‘(B)’

Endospores are dormant structures that are produced by bacteria during unfavorable conditions. This process does not involve metabolic cooperation because endospore formation occurs due to internal factors and components secreted by the bacteria. It does not depend on other bacteria for this process.

Thus, endospore formation does not involve metabolic cooperation.

Therefore, the given statement is false.

04

Explanation of option ‘(C)’

Biofilms are structures that prokaryotic cells form. These biofilms exhibit metabolic cooperation that is essential for the survival of the film. They secrete chemicals that signal the prokaryotes living in the film to stimulate growth to increase the biofilm size and also to secrete essential proteins for their survival.

Thus, biofilms exhibit metabolic cooperation.

Therefore, the given statement is true.

05

Explanation of option ‘(D)’

Photoautotrophy in microbiology is the ability of prokaryotic organisms to produce food for themselves. They do so with the help of carbon dioxide and sunlight. This process occurs independently and does not require any metabolic cooperation from the other cells.

Thus, photoautotrophy does not exhibit metabolic cooperation.

Therefore, the given statement is false.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The mean (\(\overline x \,\)) of a variable is the sum of the data values divided by the number of observations (n):

\(\overline x \, = \,\frac{{\sum {{x_i}} }}{n}\)

In this formula,\({x_i}\)is the value of the ith observation of the variable; the\(\sum {} \)symbol indicates that the nvalues of xare to be added together. Calculate the mean for each treatment.

In a short essay (about 100鈥150 words), discuss how prokaryotes and other members of hydrothermal vent communities transfer and transform energy.

Distinguish between the four major modes of nutrition, noting which are unique to prokaryotes.

Describe two adaptations that enable prokaryotes to survive in environments too harsh for other organisms.

The standard error (SE), which indicates how greatly the mean would likely vary if the experiment was repeated, is calculated as:\({\rm{SE}} = \,\frac{s}{{\sqrt n }}\).

As a rough rule of thumb, if an experiment were to be repeated, the new mean typically would lie within two standard errors of the original mean (that is, within the range of\(\overline x \, \pm \,2{\rm{SE}}\)). Calculate\(\overline x \, \pm \,2{\rm{SE}}\)for each treatment, determine whether these ranges overlap, and interpret your results.

Treatment

Dose (mg/kg)

Log of number

of colonies

Mean (\(\overline x \,\))

\({x_i}\, - \,\overline x \)

Standard deviation (s)

SE

Control

-

9.0,9.5,9.0,8.9

9.1

(-0.1), 0.4, (-0.1), (-0.2)

0.270

0.135

Vancomycin

1.0

8.5,8.4,8.2

8.36

0.14, 0.04, (-0.16)

0.152

0.087

5.0

5.3,5.9,4.7

5.3

0, 0.6, (-0.6)

0.6

0.346

Teixobactin

1.0

8.5,6.0,8.4,6.0

7.22

1.28, (-1.22), 1.18, (-1,22)

1.14

0.57

5.0

3.8,4.9,5.2,4.9

4.7

(-0.9), 0.2,0.5, 0.2

0.616

0.308

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