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Chapter 38: Q38.2-1CC. (page 834)

What are three ways that flowering plants avoid self-fertilization?

Short Answer

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Dichogamy, herkogamy, and self-incompatibility are the three strategies used by flowering plants to avoid self-pollination. These methods in blooming plants restrict self-pollination and encourage cross-pollination, as cross-pollination produces variety in the plant species.

Step by step solution

01

Self-pollination

Self-pollination is the process involved in transferring pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the same bloom or another flower produced by the same plant. It does not necessitate the use of external agents or the introduction of variety. Self-pollination is a safe and cost-effective strategy.

02

Dichogamy

Dichogamy is a method where self-pollination is prevented in bisexual plants by the maturation of the anther and stigma at different times, preventing them from fusing. Even in hermaphrodite species, dichogamy encourages cross-pollination.

03

Herkogamy

In herkogamy, the flowers are bisexual. However, the stamens and pistil of the same flower may be separated by a barrier. A popular type of barrier is a hood that covers the stigma. This will prevent the pollen grain from getting attached to stigma resulting in the prevention of self-pollination.

04

Self-compatibility

Self-incompatibility is a mechanism for avoiding self-pollination in the same plants, in which mature pollen lands on the same flower's receptive stigma but fails to pollinate it. It promotes outcrossing by stoping pollen tubes from growing in the pistil. It aids in the prevention of inbreeding in bisexual plants.

The mechanism is used by blooming plants to avoid self-pollination results in genetic variation in plants. The offspring develop healthier and more suited to life. At the same time, self-pollination is a typical and easy process.

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