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Flowering plants reproduce sexually through pollination. Plants have two pollination options: cross-pollination and self-pollination.

Self-pollination happens when a plant's pollen fertilizes its ovules, whereas cross-pollination requires the use of another flower's pollen grain or ovules.

The male reproductive organ is the stamen. This structure consists of a pollen sac (anther) and a long filament. The filament allows pollen to be dispersed by the wind, insects, or birds by holding the anther in place.

A pollen tube is also present, which is responsible for pollen grain transmission during the self-pollination process.

The female component of a plant is the pistil. The stigma, style, and ovary make the ovary. The stigma is at the apex of the ovary, and the style links it to it. Within the ovary, eggs are stored in ovules.

The emergent feature of flower reproduction is the result of the combined function of multiple separate floral sections. Most flowers, for example, include petals that attract pollinators and stigma that attach pollen grains to the surface.

The pollen grain is transferred to the ovule by a pollen tube.