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\mathrm{\\{} I n ~ P r o b l e m s ~ 4 3 - 5 0 , ~ g r a p h ~ t h e ~ l i n e ~ \(\boldsymbol{N}_{t+1}=\boldsymbol{R} N_{t}\) in the \(\boldsymbol{N}_{t}-\boldsymbol{N}_{t+1}\) plane for the indicated value of \(R\) and locate the points \(\left(N_{t}, N_{t+1}\right), t=0,1\), and 2, for the given value of \(N_{0}\) $$ R=2, N_{0}=2 $$

Short Answer

Expert verified
Plot the line through points (2, 4), (4, 8), and (8, 16).

Step by step solution

01

Understanding the Equation

The given equation is \(N_{t+1}=R \cdot N_{t}\). In this context, \(N_t\) represents the population at time \(t\), and \(N_{t+1}\) is the population at the next time step. \(R\) is the growth rate. We are tasked with finding \(N_{t+1}\) for given \(N_t\) values.
02

Applying Initial Values

Given that \(R=2\) and \(N_{0}=2\), we start by calculating for \(t=0\). Substitute \(t=0\) and \(N_0=2\) into the equation: \[N_{1} = 2 \cdot 2 = 4.\]
03

Calculating for t=1

Now, use the result from \(t=0\) to compute \(t=1\). We have \(N_1=4\) from the previous step. Substitute \(N_1\) into the equation: \[N_{2} = 2 \cdot 4 = 8.\]
04

Calculating for t=2

Use earlier results to compute \(t=2\). With \(N_2=8\), substitute into the equation: \[N_{3} = 2 \cdot 8 = 16.\]
05

Plotting the Points

Now, plot the points (\(N_0\), \(N_1\)), (\(N_1\), \(N_2\)), and (\(N_2\), \(N_3\)) in the \(N_t-N_{t+1}\) plane. These points are: \((2, 4)\), \((4, 8)\) and \((8, 16)\).
06

Drawing the Line

Connect the plotted points to form a line. Since the relationship \(N_{t+1}=2N_{t}\) is linear, the points should align straight.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Understanding Growth Rate in Population Dynamics
In the context of population dynamics, the growth rate is a crucial factor. It represents how quickly a population increases over time. For this exercise, the growth rate is indicated by the variable \(R\). Here, \(R = 2\), which signifies doubling the population with each time step. This means that at each new time interval, the population is twice what it was in the previous period.

The growth rate is especially important when modeling how populations evolve. A higher growth rate results in more rapid increases. Small changes in \(R\) can lead to significant differences in outcomes, making it a powerful predictor in models.
  • Exponential Growth: When \(R > 1\), the population grows exponentially.
  • Steady State: If \(R = 1\), the population remains constant.
  • Decay: When \(R < 1\), the population declines over time.

Understanding the impact of the growth rate helps in predicting future population sizes and planning for resources accordingly. This exercise showcases how a growth rate of 2 exponentially increases the population in a simple model.
Graphing the Population Data
Graphing is a powerful tool that provides a visual representation of data, making patterns and trends easier to see. In this problem, plotting points on the \(N_t-N_{t+1}\) plane helps visualize the relationship specified by the equation \(N_{t+1} = R \cdot N_t\).

Let's break down the graphing steps for this exercise:
  • Determine the initial points: For \(N_0 = 2\), calculate \(N_1 = 4\), \(N_2 = 8\), and \(N_3 = 16\).
  • Plot the points: Place the coordinates \((2, 4)\), \((4, 8)\), and \((8, 16)\) onto the graph.
  • Draw the connecting line: Since the function is linear, the points will align in a straight line. This line illustrates the consistent growth rate.

Graphing these points allows one to see that the pattern of growth is consistent and makes it easier to perceive how the population doubles at every step for this particular rate.
Using Linear Equations in Population Models
Linear equations, such as \(N_{t+1} = R \cdot N_t\), form the backbone of understanding consistent growth patterns in population models. These equations express relationships where change is proportional and predictable.

A linear relationship suggests that if you increase the length of time, the change in population remains proportional. This is why the line drawn through the points during graphing is straight—it symbolically represents the consistency and predictability of population growth, given a constant rate.
  • The equation \(N_{t+1} = 2 \cdot N_t\) embodies a simple linear model. It's straightforward but effective in scenarios where the growth rate is steady.
  • Using linear equations, even more complex models can also incorporate varying rates for more sophisticated forecasts.
  • They provide a starting point for more complex studies involving alternating growth patterns.

Linear equations in population models serve as a clear way to anticipate changes and assess how populations can evolve based on different factors. Their simplicity is key in educating and providing insight into more intricate real-world dynamics.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Model painkillers that are absorbed into the blood from a slow release pill. Ourmathematical model for the amount, \(a_{t}\), of drug in the blood t hours after the pill is taken must include the amount absorbed from the pill each hour. Our model starts with the word equation. $$ \begin{array}{c} a_{t+1}=a_{t}+\begin{array}{l} \text { amount absorbed } \\ \text { from the pill } \end{array}-\begin{array}{l} \text { amount eliminated } \\ \text { from the blood } \end{array} \end{array} $$ Assume the amount absorbed from the pill between time \(t\) and time \(t+1\) is \(10 \cdot(0.4)^{t}\). (a) The drug has first order elimination kinetics. \(10 \%\) of the drug is eliminated from the blood each hour. Write down the recursion relation for \(a_{t+1}\) in terms of \(a_{t}\) (b) Assuming that \(a_{0}=0\), meaning that no drug is present in the blood initially, calculate the amount of drug present at times \(t=1,2, \ldots, 6\) (c) What is the maximum amount of drug present at any time in this interval? At what time is this maximum amount reached? (d) Use a spreadsheet to calculate the amount of drug present in hourly intervals from \(t=0\) up to \(t=24\). (e) Show when \(t\) is large, the amount of drug present in the blood decreases approximately exponentially with \(t .\) Hint: Plot the values that you computed for \(a_{t}\) against \(t\) on semilogarithmic axes.

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