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Chapter 25: Problem 11

Read the dosage information or label given for the following problems. Express body weight conversion to the nearest tenth where indicated and dosages to the nearest tenth. The recommended dosage for neonates receiving ceftazidime (Tazidime) is \(30 \mathrm{mg} / \mathrm{kg}\) q \(12 \mathrm{~h}\). The neonate weighs \(3,500 \mathrm{~g}\). a. What is the neonate's weight in kilograms to the nearest tenth? b. What is the safe dosage for this neonate?

Short Answer

Expert verified
a. 3.5 kg b. 105 mg

Step by step solution

01

Convert Weight from Grams to Kilograms

The given weight of the neonate is 3,500 grams. To convert grams to kilograms, divide the number of grams by 1,000. The formula is:\[ \text{weight in kilograms} = \frac{\text{weight in grams}}{1,000} \]When we apply this:\[ \text{weight in kilograms} = \frac{3,500}{1,000} = 3.5 \, \text{kg} \]
02

Calculate the Dosage

The recommended dosage is 30 mg/kg every 12 hours. To find out how many milligrams the neonate should receive per dose, multiply the dosage per kilogram by the neonate's weight in kilograms. The formula is:\[ \text{dosage} = 30 \, \text{mg/kg} \times \text{weight in kg} \]Substituting the given values:\[ \text{dosage} = 30 \, \text{mg/kg} \times 3.5 \, \text{kg} = 105 \, \text{mg} \]

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Weight Conversion
When working with medications and dosages, it's essential to accurately convert units. This is especially true for neonatal care where precision is critical. In the context of dosage calculations, **weight conversion** primarily involves converting grams to kilograms. This is because most medical dosages are calculated in terms of kilograms. Here's how you can make this conversion:
  • Start by taking the weight in grams. For example, our neonate weighs \(3,500\) grams.
  • To convert grams to kilograms, you divide by \(1,000\) since there are exactly \(1,000\) grams in a kilogram.
Hence, the calculation becomes:\[\text{weight in kilograms} = \frac{3,500}{1,000} = 3.5 \, \text{kg}\]So, the neonate鈥檚 weight is \(3.5\) kilograms. By following these simple steps, you ensure that further calculations are based on accurate and consistent units.
Neonate Care
The term **neonate** refers to a newborn child, particularly within the first 28 days post-birth. Neonates often require special medical attention and care due to their developmental vulnerabilities. This includes careful nutrition, temperature control, and safe administration of medication. All treatments, including medications, should be handled with utmost caution. For medication management, it is crucial to consider several unique aspects:
  • **Weight-based dosages**: Medications are often dosed more frequently based on weight because of the rapid physiological changes in neonates. This ensures safety and efficacy.
  • **Immature organ functions**: Organs like the liver and kidneys, which process medications, are still developing. This can affect how neonates metabolize and excrete drugs.
  • **Sensitivity**: Neonates can be more sensitive to medications, making proper dosing crucial to avoid under or overdosing.
Understanding these factors ensures that medication dosing can be adjusted appropriately for neonates to promote health and safety.
Safe Dosage
Calculating a **safe dosage** for neonates involves accurately applying the weight-based guideline given for a specific drug. For our example with ceftazidime, the dosage is \(30 \, \text{mg/kg}\). To determine how much medication to give, follow these steps:
  • First, ensure the weight conversion is accurate; here, it's \(3.5\) kg from grams.
  • Next, multiply the dose per kilogram by the weight in kilograms.
The specific calculation constructed from these steps is:\[\text{dosage} = 30 \, \text{mg/kg} \times 3.5 \, \text{kg} = 105 \, \text{mg}\]This calculated dose of \(105\) mg every 12 hours considers the neonate's weight, ensuring it is within a safe **therapeutic range** and personalized to their needs. Safe dosing considers factors like potential side effects and ensures efficacy without exceeding safe limits.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Calculate the dosages below. Use the labels where provided. Calculate to the nearest hundredth where necessary. Order: Gentamicin \(7.3 \mathrm{mg}\) IM \(\mathrm{q} 12 \mathrm{~h}\). Available: \(20 \mathrm{mg}\) per \(2 \mathrm{~mL}\)

Determine the normal dosage range for the following problems to the nearest tenth. State your course of action. A child weighing \(23 \mathrm{~kg}\) has an order for \(500 \mathrm{mg}\) of a medication in \(100 \mathrm{~mL}\) D5W q12h. The normal daily dosage range is 40 to \(50 \mathrm{mg} / \mathrm{kg}\). Determine if the dosage ordered is within normal range, and state your course of action.

Calculate the dosages to be given. Round answers to the nearest tenth as indicated (express answers in milliliters). Order: Theophylline \(40 \mathrm{mg}\) p.o. q.i.d. Available: Theophylline elixir labeled \(80 \mathrm{mg}\) per \(15 \mathrm{~mL}\)

Calculate the child's dosage in the following problems. Determine if the prescriber's order is correct. If the order is incorrect, give the correct dosage. Express answers to the nearest tenth. A child with a BSA of \(0.55 \mathrm{~m}^{2}\) has an order for \(5 \mathrm{mg}\) of a medication. The adult dosage is \(25 \mathrm{mg}\).

Read the dosage information or label given for the following problems. Express body weight conversion to the nearest tenth where indicated and dosages to the nearest tenth. A child weighing 46 lb has an order for ranitidine (Zantac) \(20 \mathrm{mg}\) IV \(\mathrm{q} 8 \mathrm{~h}\). Is the dosage ordered safe? (Prove mathematically.) Available: Pediatric Use: While limited data exist on the administration of IV ranitidine to children, the recommended dose in pediatric patients is for a total daily dose of 2 to \(4 \mathrm{mg} / \mathrm{kg},\) to be divided and administered every 6 to 8 hours, up to a maximum of 50 mg given every 6 to 8 hours. This recommendation is derived from adult clinical studies and pharmacokinetic data in pediatric patients. Limited data in neonatal patients (less than one month of age) receiving ECMO have shown that a dose of \(2 \mathrm{mg} / \mathrm{kg}\) is usually sufficient to increase gastric \(\mathrm{pH}\) to \(>4\) for at least 15 hours. Therefore, doses of \(2 \mathrm{mg} / \mathrm{kg}\) given every 12 to 24 hours or as a continuous infusion should be considered.
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