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Chapter 28: Problem 11

Plant hormones ___. a. often have multiple, overlapping effects b. are active in developing plant embryos c. are active in adult plants d. all of the above.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The correct answer is d. all of the above.

Step by step solution

01

Examine Option A

Plant hormones often have multiple and overlapping effects. This is true because plant hormones can influence a wide range of processes such as growth, phototropism, and response to stress.
02

Examine Option B

Plant hormones are indeed active in developing plant embryos. They play crucial roles in cell division, differentiation, and other developmental processes in embryos.
03

Examine Option C

Plant hormones are active in adult plants. In adult plants, they regulate functions such as flowering, fruiting, and senescence.
04

Conclude with Option D

Since plant hormones exhibit multiple effects, are active in embryonic development, and function in adult plants, we conclude that all the provided statements about plant hormones are true. Thus, option D is correct.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Growth Regulation
Plant hormones, also known as phytohormones, play an essential role in growth regulation. These natural substances are crucial for modulating plants' growth and behavior. They work in tiny concentrations but have powerful effects.
  • Auxins help elongate plant cells and are pivotal for root and stem growth.
  • Gibberellins stimulate stem elongation, seed germination, and flowering.
  • Cytokinins promote cell division and can delay leaf senescence by working antagonistically with auxins.

Plant hormones enable growth not just by encouraging cell division and enlargement, but also by coordinating these actions to occur at the right time and place within the plant.
Phototropism
Phototropism refers to a plant's ability to grow towards the light. This fascinating process is primarily governed by the hormone auxin.
When light is coming from one direction, auxin redistributes towards the shaded side of the plant. This causes the cells on the dark side to elongate more than those on the light side, bending the plant toward the light source.
Phototropism ensures that plants maximize photosynthesis by optimally positioning their leaves towards the light, showcasing an incredible example of how plants adapt to their environment using hormonal signals.
Plant Development
The development of a plant from a seed to a mature organism involves numerous hormonal cues. Plant development includes processes like germination, flowering, and fruiting.
  • During germination, hormones like gibberellins play a key role in activating enzymes that convert stored food into energy for young plants.
  • In flowering, auxins and gibberellins may influence flowering time and patterns, ensuring that reproduction takes place at the optimal time.
  • Ethylene is notable for its role in fruit ripening, a critical phase for seed dispersal.

These hormones ensure that each stage of development happens methodically and can respond to changing environmental cues.
Senescence
Senescence is the process of aging in plants, leading to the end of a plant's life cycle. It is a complex, coordinated degeneration process influenced heavily by plant hormones.
  • Ethylene is a hormone that can accelerate senescence, often seen in leaf drop and fruit ripening.
  • Abscisic acid is responsible for signaling the onset of dormancy during adverse conditions, contributing to the aging process.
  • Cytokinins can delay senescence by promoting nutrient retention in leaves, allowing plants to stay green longer.

Understanding senescence helps farmers and gardeners optimize growth conditions for crops and ornamental plants, enhancing both yield and aesthetic value.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The arrival of pollen grains on a receptive stigma is called ___.

The three main parts of a mature eudicot seed are the ____. a. pollen grain, egg, and seed coat b. embryo, endosperm, and seed coat c. megaspores, microspores, and ovule d. embryo, cotyledons, and seed coat

A new plant forms from a stem that broke off of the parent plant and fell to the ground. This is an example of ___. a. tissue culture propagation b. exocytosis c. asexual reproduction d. nodal cloning.

Cotyledons develop as part of ___. a. carpels b. accessory fruits c. embryo sporophytes d. flowers.

Banana plants produce seedless fruit because they are ___. a. triploid b. monocots c. propagated by grafting d. treated with colchicine.
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