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In this step, it's important to know what each of the substances is and how they cycle through the environment. Here is a brief understanding: \nA. Water: Water follows a hydrological cycle where it gets evaporated, condenses, and precipitates back to the earth. \nB. Oxygen: Oxygen is part of the oxygen-carbon dioxide cycle where plants take oxygen and give out carbon dioxide. \nC. Nitrogen: Nitrogen follows the nitrogen cycle. In this cycle, nitrogen is converted into several forms and changes from gas to a usable form for plants and again reverts back to its gaseous form. \nD. Phosphorus: Phosphorus follows a sedimentary cycle. Map this information with the information given in the problem and identify the suitability. \nE. Carbon: Carbon is a part of the carbon cycle where it circulates between the atmosphere, animals, soil, and plants.

Upon comparing each of the options with the definition and understanding of a sedimentary cycle, it is clear that phosphorus is the only one that has a sedimentary cycle. Phosphorus originates from the earth’s crust, is taken up by living organisms, and returns to the earth after their death and decay.

After thoroughly comparing all of the options, it can be concluded that the correct answer to the exercise is D. Phosphorus.