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Chapter 8: Problem 35

What evidence exists that the evolution of photosynthesis and cellular respiration support the concept that there is a common ancestry for all organisms? a. All organisms perform cellular respiration, using oxygen and glucose, which are produced by photosynthesis. b. All organisms perform cellular respiration using carbon dioxide and glucose, which are produced by photosynthesis. c. All organisms perform cellular respiration using oxygen and lipids, which are produced by photosynthesis. d. All organisms perform cellular respiration using carbon dioxide and lipids, which are produced by photosynthesis.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Option a) is correct because all organisms use oxygen and glucose from photosynthesis for cellular respiration.

Step by step solution

01

Identify what photosynthesis produces

Photosynthesis produces glucose and oxygen. This process takes place in plants, algae, and some bacteria.
02

Identify what cellular respiration uses

Cellular respiration uses glucose and oxygen to produce energy (ATP), water, and carbon dioxide.
03

Find the correct pair of reactants

Evaluate the provided options to see which pair of substances (glucose and oxygen) are used by all organisms in cellular respiration.
04

Match with the given options

Option a) states: 'All organisms perform cellular respiration, using oxygen and glucose, which are produced by photosynthesis.' This matches our identified pairs.
05

Conclusion

Option a) provides evidence of the common ancestry for all organisms because both photosynthesis and cellular respiration are biochemical processes fundamental to life and are interdependent.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

common ancestry of organisms
The evidence supporting the evolution of photosynthesis and cellular respiration as indicators of the common ancestry of all organisms is compelling. All living organisms, from the smallest bacteria to the most complex plants and animals, share fundamental biochemical processes. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are two such processes that are vital for survival and energy production. The fact that these processes are ubiquitous across all forms of life suggests that a common ancestor, which existed billions of years ago, developed these mechanisms. Over time, these processes have been conserved and passed on to successive generations of diverse life forms.
biochemical processes
Biochemical processes refer to the chemical reactions that occur within living organisms to maintain life. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are two key biochemical processes. During photosynthesis, plants, algae, and certain bacteria convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen using sunlight. Cellular respiration, on the other hand, involves breaking down glucose and oxygen to produce energy (ATP), carbon dioxide, and water. These processes are highly interdependent and showcase the elegance and efficiency of biological systems. The universality of these biochemical pathways further emphasizes the shared evolutionary heritage of all living organisms.
interdependence of photosynthesis and respiration
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are deeply interconnected. Photosynthesis generates the glucose and oxygen needed for cellular respiration. In turn, cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide and water, which are essential for photosynthesis. This cyclical relationship ensures a constant supply of energy and the necessary reactants for both processes. This interdependence highlights the incredible balance and harmony in nature's energy flow and underscores the evolutionary link between different forms of life. The reciprocal nature of these processes support the idea that they co-evolved, stemming from common ancestral practices.
cellular respiration reactants
The primary reactants used in cellular respiration are glucose and oxygen. These substances are products of photosynthesis, illustrating the close relationship between the two processes. Inside cells, glucose undergoes glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, where it is broken down to produce ATP, the energy currency of cells. Oxygen is crucial in the electron transport chain, where it acts as the final electron acceptor, allowing the efficient production of a large quantity of ATP. The dependency on oxygen and glucose for cellular respiration in all aerobic organisms points to a shared evolutionary toolkit necessary for life.
photosynthesis products
Photosynthesis primarily produces glucose and oxygen. These products are vital for the survival of many organisms. Glucose serves as an essential energy source and as a metabolic intermediate in various biochemical reactions. Oxygen, often considered a byproduct of photosynthesis, is crucial for cellular respiration in aerobic organisms. The production of oxygen through photosynthesis has had a profound impact on Earth's atmosphere, enabling the rise of oxygen-dependent life forms. The consistent production of glucose and oxygen through photosynthesis across diverse species further underscores the evolutionary connection among all life on Earth.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are found throughout the eukaryotic world. They are complementary to each other because they each use products of the other process. What do the two pathways share? a. chloroplasts and mitochondria b. Photosystems I and II c. the cytochrome complex d. thylakoids

Which pathway is used by both plants and animals? a. carbon fixation b. cellular respiration c. photosystem II d. photosynthesis

What are the roles of ATP and NADPH in photosynthesis? a. ATP and NADPH are forms of chemical energy produced from the light dependent reactions to be used in the light independent reactions that produce sugars. b. ATP and NADPH are forms of chemical energy produced from the light independent reactions, to be used in the light dependent reactions that produce sugars. c. ATP and NADPH are forms of chemical energy produced from the light dependent reactions to be used in the light independent reactions that produce proteins. d. ATP and NADPH are forms of chemical energy produced from the light dependent reactions to be used in the light independent reactions that use sugars as reactants.

What is the overall outcome of the light reactions in photosynthesis? a. NADPH and ATP molecules are produced during the light reactions and are used to power the light independent reactions. b. NADPH and ATP molecules are produced during the light reactions, which are used to power the light dependent reactions. c. Sugar and ATP are produced during the light reactions, which are used to power the light independent reactions. d. Carbon dioxide and NADPH are produced during the light reactions, which are used to power the light dependent reactions.

Why do the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place in the thylakoid? a. Photosystem I is anchored to the membrane, but not photosystem II. b. The cytochrome complex requires a membrane for chemiosmosis to occur. c. The light-dependent reactions depend on the presence of carbon dioxide. d. Light energy is absorbed by the thylakoid membrane.
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