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Chapter 6: Problem 10

Which of the following molecules is likely to have the most potential energy? a. A T P b. A D P c. glucose d. sucrose

Short Answer

Expert verified
d. sucrose

Step by step solution

01

Understand the concept of potential energy

Potential energy in molecules is stored in the bonds between atoms. Typically, larger and more complex molecules with more bonds will have more potential energy.
02

Analyze the molecules

Compare the given molecules: ATP (adenosine triphosphate), ADP (adenosine diphosphate), glucose, and sucrose, considering their size and complexity.
03

Identify ATP and ADP

ATP has three phosphate groups and stores more energy compared to ADP, which has two phosphate groups. Thus, ATP has more potential energy than ADP.
04

Consider glucose

Glucose, a simple sugar with the formula C6H12O6, has significant potential energy due to its chemical bonds but is smaller in comparison to ATP.
05

Evaluate sucrose

Sucrose is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose. It is larger and more complex than glucose, containing more bonds and therefore more potential energy.
06

Compare sucrose to ATP

Sucrose is a larger and more complex molecule than ATP, which consists of simpler molecules like glucose and fructose. Therefore, sucrose has more potential energy overall.
07

Conclusion

Among the given molecules, sucrose is the most likely to have the highest potential energy due to its complexity and number of bonds.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

ATP
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is often referred to as the energy currency of the cell. This is because it stores and supplies the energy needed for many cellular processes.
ATP consists of the molecule adenosine and three phosphate groups.
The energy stored in ATP is found in the high-energy bonds between these phosphate groups.
When a cell needs energy, it breaks one of these bonds, converting ATP to ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and releasing energy. This process is crucial for activities such as muscle contraction, nerve signal transmission, and chemical synthesis.
ADP
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) is similar to ATP but with one less phosphate group.
When ATP is used for energy, it loses one phosphate group and becomes ADP.
ADP can be converted back into ATP through cellular processes such as respiration or photosynthesis.
This recycling is essential for maintaining the cell's energy balance.
Although ADP stores some energy, it holds less than ATP due to having fewer high-energy phosphate bonds.
The interconversion between ATP and ADP is a key aspect of cellular energy management.
glucose
Glucose is a simple sugar with the formula C6H12O6. It is a fundamental energy source for cells.
Cells break down glucose during processes like glycolysis and cellular respiration to produce ATP.
Glucose molecules contain potential energy within their chemical bonds.
When these bonds are broken, energy is released for cellular activities.
While glucose is an important energy source, it is less complex and contains fewer high-energy bonds compared to larger molecules like sucrose.
sucrose
Sucrose is a disaccharide composed of one glucose molecule and one fructose molecule. This makes sucrose larger and more complex than glucose.
The chemical formula for sucrose is C12H22O11.
Because it is made up of more and varied bonds, sucrose contains more potential energy than glucose.
In plants, sucrose is a primary transport sugar, moving energy throughout the plant.
When ingested, sucrose is broken down into glucose and fructose, both of which are used to produce ATP.
Sucrose, due to its larger and more complex structure, has more potential energy stored in its bonds than simpler sugars like glucose.
chemical bonds
Chemical bonds are the forces holding atoms together in molecules.
The energy of a molecule is stored in these bonds.
When bonds are formed, energy is absorbed, and when they are broken, energy is released.
In biological systems, high-energy bonds, such as those in ATP, are crucial for driving cellular functions.
More complex molecules with more chemical bonds, such as sucrose, usually contain more potential energy than simpler molecules.
Understanding chemical bonds is essential for grasping how energy transformations occur in cells.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

How does ATP supply energy to chemical reactions? a. ATP dissociates and the energy released by breaking of a phosphate bond within ATP is used for phosphorylation of another molecule. ATP hydrolysis also provides energy to power coupling reactions. b. ATP utilizes energy to power exergonic reactions by hydrolysis of ATP molecule. The free energy released as a result of ATP breakdown is used to carry out metabolism of products. c. ATP utilizes energy to power endergonicreactions by dehydration of ATP molecule. The free energy released as a result of ATP breakdown is used to carry out metabolism of products. d. ATP utilizes the energy released from the coupling reactions and that energy is used to power the endergonic and exergonic reactions.

Plants must have adequate resources to complete their functions. If they do not have what they need, there are changes in the organism鈥檚 metabolism. What happens to the metabolism of a plant that does not have adequate sunlight? a. Photosynthesis slows and less glucose is produced for energy use. b. The plant switches to anaerobic metabolism. c. The plant goes into a dormant state until the sunlight returns. d. The plant flowers quickly to reproduce while it can.

Which of the following comparisons or contrasts between endergonic and exergonic reactions is false? a. Both endergonic and exergonic reactions require a small amount of energy to overcome an activation barrier. b. Endergonic reactions have a positive \(\Delta G\) and exergonic reactions have a negative \(\Delta G\) . C. Endergonic reactions consume energy and exergonic reactions release energy. d. Endergonic reactions take place slowly and exergonic reactions take place quickly.

Consider a simple process that illustrates the change in entropy when energy is transferred. 1\. Take a block of ice as a system with a temperature of \(0^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) . This is water as a solid, so it has a high structural order. This means that the molecules are in a fixed position. As a result, the entropy of the system is low. 2\. Allow the ice to melt at room temperature. Describe changes in the motion and interactions of water molecules before and after melting. Explain where the energy came from whose transfer produced melting. Predict the effect of the energy transfer on the entropy on the system, and justify your prediction. 3\. Heat the water until the temperature reaches boiling point. Explain what happens to the entropy of the system when the water is heated. 4\. Continue to heat the water at the constant temperature of the boiling point. Describe changes in the motion and interactions of water molecules before and after boiling. Predict the effect of the energy transfer on the entropy of the system, and justify your prediction. 5\. [Extension/Connection] Molecules of water have simple responses to heating: The molecules move faster and interact less strongly with other neighboring molecules. Consider the primary producers of an aquatic ecosystem in summer. Describe the source of energy transfer to the system of photosynthetic plants and algae. Predict changes in the system in response. Explain what happens to the entropy of this trophic level when energy transfer occurs. Now consider the primary producers and their aqueous environment as the system. Explain what happens to the entropy of this system composed of photosynthetic organisms and their abiotic environment. 6\. Predict the change in entropy of the system when both autotrophs and their abiotic environment are considered. Justify your prediction. Predict the signs of the entropy changes in both biotic and abiotic components of this system. Predict the relative magnitudes of these entropy changes, and justify your prediction.

Energy can be taken in as glucose, then has to be converted to a form that can be easily used to perform work in cells. What is the name of the latter molecule? a. anabolic molecules b. cholesterol c. electrolytes d. adenosine triphosphate
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