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Chapter 5: Problem 2

In addition to a plasma membrane, eukaryotic cell organelles, such as mitochondria, also have membranes. In which way would these membranes differ? a. The proportion of phosphate within the phospholipids will vary. b. Only certain membranes contain phospholipids. c. Only certain membranes are selectively permeable. d. The proportions of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates will vary.

Short Answer

Expert verified
d. The proportions of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates will vary.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the Organelles

Eukaryotic cells contain various organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, etc. Each has its own membrane.
02

Functions of Membranes

The membranes of these organelles serve several functions including protection, regulating substance entry and exit, and facilitating communication and metabolic reactions.
03

Analyze the Given Options

Evaluate each option based on the structure and functions of the organelle membranes: (a) Proportion of phosphate may vary, but it is not the primary differentiator. (b) All cell membranes contain phospholipids. (c) All membranes maintain selective permeability. (d) The proportions of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates differ among membranes.
04

Identify the Correct Answer

Option (d) is the correct answer because the composition of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates in the membranes varies to provide specific functions to each organelle.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Organelle Membranes
Eukaryotic cell organelles not only possess their specialized functions but also have their own membranes. These membranes are vital as they act as protective barriers and interfaces for various cellular processes. For instance,
  • the mitochondrial membrane is crucial for energy production through ATP synthesis.
  • the endoplasmic reticulum membrane helps in protein and lipid synthesis.
Despite these varied functions, all organelle membranes share some common traits like the presence of a phospholipid bilayer and embedded proteins. However, their membrane composition differs, tailoring to their specific functions.
Membrane Composition
The composition of organelle membranes is adapted to serve the distinct roles of each organelle. While phospholipids form the fundamental bilayer, the proportions of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates can vary greatly. Proteins in the membrane act as:
  • channels and pumps to facilitate or regulate passage of substances.
  • receptors to receive and transmit signals.
Lipids, apart from phospholipids, may include cholesterol which adds to the stability. Carbohydrates often attach to proteins and lipids to form glycolipids and glycoproteins, helping in cell-recognition and communication.
Selective Permeability
Selective permeability is a fundamental property of all cellular membranes. This means that the membranes only allow certain substances to pass through while blocking others. This regulation is essential for:
  • maintaining the internal environment of the organelle or cell.
  • enabling the cell to absorb nutrients and expel waste.
  • preventing harmful substances from entering.
For instance, the selectively permeable nature of the mitochondrial membrane allows for the effective production of ATP by controlling the movement of ions and molecules involved in energy metabolism.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Water moves via osmosis across plasma cell membranes in which direction? a. from an area with a high concentration of other solutes to a lower one b. from an area with a high concentration of water to one of lower concentration c. from an area with a low concentration of water to one of higher concentration. d. throughout the cytoplasm

Choose the statement that describes processes of receptor-mediated endocytosis, exocytosis, and the changes in the membrane organization. a. Endocytosis involves the opsonization of a receptor and its ligand in clathrin-coated vesicles, along with the inward budding of the plasma membrane. In exocytosis, waste material is enveloped in a membrane that fuses with the interior of the plasma membrane via attachment proterins. b. In endocytosis, waste material is enveloped in a membrane that fuses with the interior of the plasma membrane via attachment proteins. Exocytosis involves the opsonization of the receptor and its ligand in a clathrin-coated vesicles. c. In endocytosis, waste material is enveloped in a membrane that fuses with the interior of the plasma membrane via attachment proteins. Exocytosis involves the opsonization of the receptor and its ligand in caveolae-coated vesicles. d. Endocytosis involves the opsonization of the receptor and its ligand in clathrin-coated vesicles. In exocytosis, waste material is enveloped in a membrane that fuses with the exterior of the plasma membrane via attachment proteins.

How does the sodium-potassium pump contribute to the net negative charge of the interior of the cell? a. The sodium-potassium pump forces out three (positive) \(\mathrm{Na}^{+}\) ions for every two (positive) \(\mathrm{K}^{+}\) ions it pumps in, thus the cell loses a net positive charge of one at every cycle of the pump. b. The sodium-potassium pump expels three ions \(\mathrm{K}^{+}\) for every two \(\mathrm{Na}^{+}\) inside the cells, creating a net positive charge outside the cell and a net negative charge inside the cell. c. The sodium-potassium pump helps the development of negative charge inside the cell by making the membrane more permeable to negatively charged proteins. d. The sodium-potassium pump helps in the development of negative charge inside the cell by making the membrane impermeable to positively charged ions.

Both of the regular intravenous solutions administered in medicine, normal saline and lactated Ringer's solution, are isotonic. Why is this important? a. Isotonic solutions maintain equilibrium and avoid the exchange of materials to or from the blood. b. Isotonic solutions disrupt equilibrium and allow better exchange of materials in the blood. c. Isotonic solutions increase the \(\mathrm{pH}\) of blood and allow better absorption of saline in blood. d. Isotonic solutions decrease the pH of the blood and avoid the exchange of materials to or from the blood.

Why is it advantageous for the plasma membrane to be fluid in nature? a. Fluidity allows greater flexibility to the cell and motion of membrane components required for transport. b. Fluidity helps only in transport of some materials, and does not contribute to the flexibility. c. Fluidity helps in maintaining the pH of intracellular fluid, and helps in maintaining the physiological pH of the cell. d. Fluidity helps in providing mechanical strength to the plasma membrane.
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