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Chapter 4: Problem 14

Which of the following is found both in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? a. mitochondrion b. nucleus c. ribosomes d. centrosomes

Short Answer

Expert verified
Ribosomes

Step by step solution

01

Identify the Cell Types

First, understand that eukaryotic cells are complex cells with membrane-bound organelles, such as a nucleus and mitochondria. Prokaryotic cells are simpler and do not have these structures.
02

Evaluate Each Option

Consider each option given and determine if it exists in both cell types: - Mitochondrion (only in eukaryotic cells)- Nucleus (only in eukaryotic cells)- Ribosomes (found in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells)- Centrosomes (only in eukaryotic cells)
03

Conclusion

Ribosomes are the structures present in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. They are essential for protein synthesis in all living cells.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Eukaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic cells are more complex than their prokaryotic counterparts. They contain a true nucleus, which houses the cell鈥檚 DNA. This nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear envelope.
Additionally, eukaryotic cells have various membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes. These organelles perform specific functions that are crucial for the cell's survival and proper functioning.
Eukaryotic cells are found in organisms, such as animals, plants, fungi, and protists. These cells can be either unicellular or multicellular.
  • The nucleus controls the genetic material and regulates all cellular activities.
  • Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell because they generate ATP through cellular respiration.
  • The endoplasmic reticulum helps in the synthesis and transport of proteins and lipids.
  • The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion.
Prokaryotic Cells
Prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus and are generally simpler than eukaryotic cells. Instead of a nucleus, they have a nucleoid region where their single, circular DNA molecule resides.
Prokaryotic cells do not have membrane-bound organelles. This means they lack structures like mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. Many of their cellular processes happen in the cytoplasm or at the cell membrane.
Prokaryotic cells are usually unicellular organisms, which include bacteria and archaea. These cells are typically much smaller in size compared to eukaryotic cells.
  • They reproduce quickly and adapt rapidly due to their simple structure.
  • The cell wall provides structural support and protection.
  • Prokaryotic cells often have pili and flagella. Pili help in attachment and genetic exchange, while flagella aid in movement.
Ribosomes
Ribosomes are essential components found in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. They are responsible for protein synthesis, translating genetic information from mRNA to form polypeptide chains, which later fold into functional proteins.
Ribosomes can be found floating freely in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotic cells. In prokaryotic cells, ribosomes are only found in the cytoplasm.
Despite being present in both cell types, ribosomes differ slightly in structure and size between eukaryotes and prokaryotes.
  • In eukaryotic cells, ribosomes are larger, with an 80S size (composed of 60S and 40S subunits).
  • Prokaryotic ribosomes are smaller, with a 70S size (composed of 50S and 30S subunits).
  • The fundamental function of ribosomes remains the same across all cell types: to facilitate the production of proteins, which are crucial for various cellular functions.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

In which human tissues would you find desmosomes? Think of tissues that undergo strong mechanical stress and must be held together with some flexibility. a. bone cells and cartilage cells b. muscle cells and skin cells c. nerve cells and muscle cells d. secretory cells and muscle cells

Mitochondria have DNA that encode proteins related to the structures and functions of the organelles. The replication appears to occur continuously, however, many questions about control of replication rate and segregation during mitosis are yet unanswered. Many diseases are caused by mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitophagy, as the name suggests, leads to the destruction of mitochondria. Predict whether or not cellular control mechanisms involving the regulation of mitochondrial DNA by the nucleus exist. Make use of what you know about selection and homeostasis as they apply to both the organism and to the organelle.

Radioactive amino acids are fed to a cell in culture for a short amount of time. This is called a pulse. You follow the appearance of radioactive proteins in the cell compartments. In which organelles and in what order does radioactivity appear? a. endoplasmic reticulum - lysosomes - Golgi body - vesicle - extracellular region b. endoplasmic reticulum - vesicles - Golgi body - vesicles - extracellular region c. Golgi Body - vesicles - endoplasmic reticulum - vesicles - extracellular region d. nucleus - endoplasmic reticulum - Golgi body - vesicle - extracellular region

If there is a mutation in the gene for collagen, such as the one involved in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and the individual produces defective collagen, how would it affect coagulation? a. The syndrome affects the clotting factors and platelet aggregation. b. The disease leads to hyper-coagulation of blood. c. Coagulation is not affected because collagen is not required for coagulation. d. The disease occurs due to the breakdown of platelets.

How do cilia and flagella differ? a. Cilia are made of microfilaments and flagella of microtubules. b. Cilia are helpful in the process of engulfing food. Flagella are involved in the movement of the organism. c. Cilia are short and found in large numbers on the cell surface whereas flagella are long and fewer in number. d. Cilia are found in prokaryotic cells and flagella in eukaryotic cells.
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