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Chapter 37: Problem 17

What is the process whereby nitrogen is brought into organic molecules called? a. nitrification b. denitrification c. nitrogen fixation d. nitrogen cycling

Short Answer

Expert verified
c. nitrogen fixation.

Step by step solution

01

Identify the Process Described

The question is asking for the name of the process whereby nitrogen is integrated into organic molecules.
02

Review the Definitions

1. Nitrification is the conversion of ammonia to nitrates. 2. Denitrification is the reduction of nitrates back to nitrogen gas. 3. Nitrogen fixation is the process of converting nitrogen gas (N鈧�) into ammonia (NH鈧�) which can be used by plants. 4. Nitrogen cycling is the entire process of nitrogen moving through the atmosphere, soil, and organisms.
03

Match Process to the Correct Term

Nitrogen fixation is the most accurate term that describes the process of nitrogen being incorporated into organic molecules.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

nitrification
Nitrification is a key step in the nitrogen cycle where ammonia (NH鈧�) is converted into nitrites (NO鈧傗伝) and then into nitrates (NO鈧冣伝). These reactions are performed by specialized bacteria in the soil.
Nitrification happens in two main stages:
  • The first stage is the oxidation of ammonia to nitrites, carried out by bacteria like Nitrosomonas.
  • The second stage is the oxidation of nitrites to nitrates, performed by bacteria such as Nitrobacter.
Nitrates are highly soluble and can be readily absorbed by plants, making this step crucial for plant nutrition.
This process keeps the nitrogen available in a form that plants can use to build proteins and other important organic compounds.
denitrification
Denitrification is the process through which nitrates (NO鈧冣伝) are reduced back to nitrogen gas (N鈧�), completing the nitrogen cycle. This step is essential because it returns nitrogen to the atmosphere.
Denitrification occurs in anoxic conditions, meaning environments without oxygen, such as waterlogged soils and deep ocean sediments.
This process is facilitated by denitrifying bacteria such as Pseudomonas and Clostridium.
During denitrification, these bacteria use nitrates instead of oxygen to breathe, converting the nitrates into nitrogen gas or nitrous oxide (N鈧侽), which are then released into the atmosphere.
nitrogen cycle
The nitrogen cycle is the complex series of processes by which nitrogen moves through the atmosphere, soil, and living organisms.
Nitrogen is crucial for all living things because it's a major component of amino acids, proteins, and DNA.
The main steps in the nitrogen cycle include:
  • Nitrogen Fixation: Converting atmospheric nitrogen (N鈧�) into ammonia (NH鈧�) using microbes or industrial processes.
  • Nitrification: Converting ammonia into nitrites (NO鈧傗伝) and then into nitrates (NO鈧冣伝).
  • Assimilation: Plants absorb nitrates and ammonia to create organic molecules like amino acids.
  • Ammonification: Decomposition of organic nitrogen back into ammonia by decomposing bacteria and fungi.
  • Denitrification: Reducing nitrates back to nitrogen gas (N鈧�) by denitrifying bacteria.
This cycle ensures that nitrogen is continuously recycled and available for living organisms to use, maintaining the balance in ecosystems.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The following is a food web for a meadow habitat that occupies 25.6 \(\mathrm{km}^{2} .\) The primary producers' biomass is uniformly distributed throughout the habitat and totals \(1,500 \mathrm{kg} / \mathrm{km}^{2} .\) Developers have approved a project that will permanently reduce the primary producers' biomass by 50 percent and remove all rabbits and deer. Which of the following is the most likely result at the completion of the project? a. The biomass of coyotes will be 6 kg, and the biomass of hawks will be 0.5 kg. b. The biomass of coyotes will be dramatically reduced. c. The coyotes will switch prey preferences and outcompete the hawks. d. There will be 50 percent fewer voles and 90 percent fewer hawks.

What is the primary factor that limits the length of food chains in ecosystems? a. low energy transfer efficiency between trophic levels b. too much net primary productivity c. excess assimilation d. low gross primary productivity

If an ecosystem is considered to be highly resilient, what can be inferred about that ecosystem? a. The ecosystem is in a steady state. b. The ecosystem has the ability to remain in equilibrium despite disturbance. c. The ecosystem recovers quickly from disturbance. d. The ecosystem is exposed to disturbances.

Which of the following statements is true of trophic levels in an ecosystem? a. Food chains are accurate representations of dynamics in an ecosystem. b. In terrestrial ecosystems, primary producers commonly eat plants. c. Food webs are easier to interpret than food chains. d. The least amount of energy is available at the top of a food chain.

How much carbon \(\left(\mathrm{g} / \mathrm{m}^{2}\right)\) is released into the atmosphere as a result of the metabolic activity of herbivores? Give your answer to the nearest whole number. a. 125 \(\mathrm{g} / \mathrm{m}^{2}\) carbon is released into the atmosphere as a result of the metabolic activity of herbivores. b. 65 \(\mathrm{g} / \mathrm{m}^{2}\) carbon is released into the atmosphere as a result of the metabolic activity of herbivores. c. 60 \(\mathrm{g} / \mathrm{m}^{2}\) carbon is released into the atmosphere as a result of the metabolic activity of herbivores. d. 5 \(\mathrm{g} / \mathrm{m}^{2}\) carbon is released into the atmosphere as a result of the metabolic activity of herbivores.
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