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Chapter 37: Problem 17

What is the process whereby nitrogen is brought into organic molecules called? a. nitrification b. denitrification c. nitrogen fixation d. nitrogen cycling

Short Answer

Expert verified
c. nitrogen fixation.

Step by step solution

01

Identify the Process Described

The question is asking for the name of the process whereby nitrogen is integrated into organic molecules.
02

Review the Definitions

1. Nitrification is the conversion of ammonia to nitrates. 2. Denitrification is the reduction of nitrates back to nitrogen gas. 3. Nitrogen fixation is the process of converting nitrogen gas (N鈧�) into ammonia (NH鈧�) which can be used by plants. 4. Nitrogen cycling is the entire process of nitrogen moving through the atmosphere, soil, and organisms.
03

Match Process to the Correct Term

Nitrogen fixation is the most accurate term that describes the process of nitrogen being incorporated into organic molecules.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

nitrification
Nitrification is a key step in the nitrogen cycle where ammonia (NH鈧�) is converted into nitrites (NO鈧傗伝) and then into nitrates (NO鈧冣伝). These reactions are performed by specialized bacteria in the soil.
Nitrification happens in two main stages:
  • The first stage is the oxidation of ammonia to nitrites, carried out by bacteria like Nitrosomonas.
  • The second stage is the oxidation of nitrites to nitrates, performed by bacteria such as Nitrobacter.
Nitrates are highly soluble and can be readily absorbed by plants, making this step crucial for plant nutrition.
This process keeps the nitrogen available in a form that plants can use to build proteins and other important organic compounds.
denitrification
Denitrification is the process through which nitrates (NO鈧冣伝) are reduced back to nitrogen gas (N鈧�), completing the nitrogen cycle. This step is essential because it returns nitrogen to the atmosphere.
Denitrification occurs in anoxic conditions, meaning environments without oxygen, such as waterlogged soils and deep ocean sediments.
This process is facilitated by denitrifying bacteria such as Pseudomonas and Clostridium.
During denitrification, these bacteria use nitrates instead of oxygen to breathe, converting the nitrates into nitrogen gas or nitrous oxide (N鈧侽), which are then released into the atmosphere.
nitrogen cycle
The nitrogen cycle is the complex series of processes by which nitrogen moves through the atmosphere, soil, and living organisms.
Nitrogen is crucial for all living things because it's a major component of amino acids, proteins, and DNA.
The main steps in the nitrogen cycle include:
  • Nitrogen Fixation: Converting atmospheric nitrogen (N鈧�) into ammonia (NH鈧�) using microbes or industrial processes.
  • Nitrification: Converting ammonia into nitrites (NO鈧傗伝) and then into nitrates (NO鈧冣伝).
  • Assimilation: Plants absorb nitrates and ammonia to create organic molecules like amino acids.
  • Ammonification: Decomposition of organic nitrogen back into ammonia by decomposing bacteria and fungi.
  • Denitrification: Reducing nitrates back to nitrogen gas (N鈧�) by denitrifying bacteria.
This cycle ensures that nitrogen is continuously recycled and available for living organisms to use, maintaining the balance in ecosystems.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Name one natural and one human-related type of disturbance. Why are they of concern to conservationists? a. Lightening is a type of natural disturbance whereas pollution is a human related disturbance. Both are of concern to conservationists because they affect the entire ecosystem. b. Fire is a type of natural disturbances whereas agriculture is a human related disturbance. Both types are of concern to conservationists because ecosystems cannot bounce back from a disturbance. c. Pollution is a type of natural disturbance whereas lightening is a human related disturbance. Both are of concern to conservationists because they alter ecosystems. d. Lightening is a type of natural disturbance whereas pollution is a human related disturbance. Both are of concern to conservationists because they alter ecosystems.

Why are mesocosm and microcosm experiments not considered to represent the true nature of ecosystems? a. The ecosystem is either recreated or partitioned in both the experiments, which may alter the dynamics of the ecosystem the experiments are aiming to analyze. b. In both the experiments, dynamics of the ecosystem may get altered due to differences in species numbers and diversity although there are no alterations in the environment. c. In both the experiments, the ecosystem is recreated which may alter the dynamics of the ecosystem the experiments are aiming to analyze. d. Altering a natural ecosystem through partitioning, which occurs in both the experiments may change its dynamics due to differences in species numbers and diversity.

What is the primary factor that limits the length of food chains in ecosystems? a. low energy transfer efficiency between trophic levels b. too much net primary productivity c. excess assimilation d. low gross primary productivity

Compare grazing and detrital food webs. Why would they both be present in the same ecosystem? a. The primary producers of detrital food webs are decomposers whereas those of grazing food webs are non-photosynthetic. Both primary producers support different components of the ecosystem. b. The primary producers of detrital food webs are photosynthetic whereas those of grazing food webs are decomposers. Both primary producers support different components of the ecosystem. c. The primary producers of detrital food webs are decomposers whereas those of grazing food webs are photosynthetic. Both primary producers support different components of the ecosystem. d. The primary producers of detrital food webs are chemoautotrophs whereas those of grazing food webs are photosynthetic. Both primary producers support different components of the ecosystem.

Energy is a fundamental component in an ecosystem and is contributed by the primary producers. Describe how light energy can, in turn, support the consumers of an ecosystem. a. Light energy is converted by primary producers and primary consumers. Consumers belonging to higher trophic levels feed on them to gain energy. b. Primary producers can only obtain energy from sunlight by photosynthesis and gain energy by feeding on them or other consumers which have consumed these producers. c. Primary producers convert light energy by photosynthesis and consumers gain energy by feeding on them or other consumers which have consumed these producers. d. Primary producers convert light energy through chemosynthesis and consumers gain energy by feeding on them or other consumers which have consumed these producers.
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