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Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) is a crucial hormone produced by the hypothalamus. Its main job is to signal the anterior pituitary gland to release two other important hormones: Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). When a female contraceptive pill inhibits GnRH, it essentially pauses this signaling process. This means that there's less stimulation for the anterior pituitary to produce FSH and LH.
This inhibition plays a key role in the efficiency of certain birth control pills, as it prevents the natural hormonal cascade necessary for ovulation and preparation of the uterus.

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) is essential for the development of ovarian follicles. These follicles contain the eggs that are released during ovulation. When a contraceptive pill inhibits GnRH, the production of FSH is reduced. This reduces the growth and maturation of these ovarian follicles.
As a result, the likelihood of ovulation happening decreases significantly, which makes pregnancy unlikely. Without enough FSH, the menstrual cycle does not progress normally since the follicles don't mature properly.

Luteinizing Hormone (LH) has a critical role in triggering ovulation. Typically, an LH surge initiates the release of a mature egg from the ovary, ready for potential fertilization. By inhibiting GnRH with a contraceptive pill, the secretion of LH is similarly reduced.
This suppression of LH means that the usual LH surge is unlikely to occur, which effectively prevents ovulation. No ovulation means there is no egg available for fertilization, serving as a strong preventative measure against pregnancy.

The menstrual cycle is intricately controlled by a series of hormones, including GnRH, FSH, LH, estrogen, and progesterone. Regular cycles depend on the harmonious production and regulation of these hormones. By inhibiting GnRH with a contraceptive pill, the downstream production of FSH and LH is reduced.
When FSH and LH levels are low, the normal growth and release of the egg from the ovaries are disrupted. This can lead to lighter periods or sometimes no periods at all, depending on the individual’s response to the contraceptive. Moreover, the linings of the uterus don’t follow their usual build-up and shedding cycles, ensuring that the chances of fertilization and implantation are greatly minimized.