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Chapter 33: Problem 13

What component of the innate immune system is not part of the adaptive immune system? a. T cells b. antibodies c. mast cells d. B cells

Short Answer

Expert verified
c. mast cells

Step by step solution

01

Understand the Question

The question asks for a component of the innate immune system that is not part of the adaptive immune system.
02

Identify Components of the Adaptive Immune System

The adaptive immune system includes T cells, B cells, and antibodies. These components have a specific response to pathogens and have memory.
03

Identify Components of the Innate Immune System

The innate immune system includes components like mast cells, macrophages, and natural killer cells that have a general, non-specific response to pathogens.
04

Compare Lists

Compare the components given in the options (T cells, antibodies, mast cells, B cells) with those of the adaptive immune system (T cells, B cells, antibodies).
05

Determine the Correct Answer

Since T cells, B cells, and antibodies are all part of the adaptive immune system, the correct answer must be the one not in that list, which is mast cells.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

innate immune system
The innate immune system is the body's first line of defense against infections. It responds quickly to pathogens and provides immediate protection. Unlike the adaptive immune system, the response of the innate immune system is non-specific, meaning it does not target specific pathogens.
Key components of the innate immune system include:
  • Mast cells - Release chemicals like histamines that cause inflammation and help to fight off infections.
  • Macrophages - Large white blood cells that engulf and digest pathogens and debris.
  • Natural killer cells - Attack and destroy infected or cancerous cells.
Because the innate immune system provides a general defense, it does not develop memory or improve upon subsequent exposures to the same pathogen. This makes it different from the adaptive immune system.
adaptive immune system
The adaptive immune system is highly specific to particular pathogens and develops a targeted response. Unlike the innate immune system, it takes longer to respond but provides a more robust and long-lasting immunity.
Key components of the adaptive immune system include:
  • T cells - Types include cytotoxic T cells that kill infected cells and helper T cells that assist other immune cells.
  • B cells - Produce antibodies that neutralize pathogens.
  • Antibodies - Y-shaped proteins that specifically target and bind to antigens present on pathogens.
One of the critical features of the adaptive immune system is its ability to remember pathogens through a process called immunological memory. This allows for a faster and more efficient response upon subsequent exposures.
immune system cells
Understanding the different cells involved in the immune system helps us grasp how the body defends itself.
The major immune cells can be categorized into innate and adaptive types:
  • Innate immune cells:
    • Mast cells - Involved in allergic reactions and pathogen defense.
    • Macrophages - Degrade pathogens through phagocytosis.
    • Natural killer cells - Destroy compromised host cells.
  • Adaptive immune cells:
    • T cells - Include helper, cytotoxic, and regulatory T cells, each specialized in their function.
    • B cells - Differentiate into plasma cells to produce specific antibodies.
    • Plasma cells - Derived from B cells and secrete antibodies.
  • Bridge cells - Dendritic cells act as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity by presenting antigens to T cells.
These cells work together to ensure an effective immune response, providing both immediate and long-term defense against pathogens.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

What is the difference between innate and adaptive immune responses? a. The adaptive immune system is faster-acting than the innate immune system. b. The adaptive immune system produces a longer lasting defense than the innate immune system. c. The innate immune system produces a more specific defense than the adaptive immune system. d. The innate immune system has a more sophisticated memory than the adaptive immune system.

An allergy has been described as a non-protective immune response. Which statement provides information supporting this description? a. An allergic response occurs when B cells produce IgE molecules in response to a foreign protein, which causes histamine to be released. b. An allergy results from an immune response to a protein that does not cause harm and that the body needs no defense against. c. People with allergies develop unpleasant symptoms such as watery, itchy eyes, swollen tissues, and sneezing. d. When their blood is tested, people with allergies show that they have antibodies that bind to one or more foreign proteins.

Invertebrate animals have innate immune systems but lack adaptive immune systems. Vertebrates, including fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals have both systems. What does this suggest about the evolution of these two immune systems? a. This suggests that the innate immune system evolved first. Invertebrates and vertebrates had a common ancestor, which had an innate immune system. After the two lineages diverged, the vertebrate line developed adaptive immunity, which continued to evolve in all vertebrates. b. This suggests that the adaptive immune system evolved first. Invertebrates and vertebrates had a common ancestor, which had an innate immune system. After the two lineages diverged, the vertebrate line developed adaptive immunity, which continued to evolve in all vertebrates. c. This suggests that the innate immune system evolved first. Invertebrates and vertebrates had a common ancestor, which had an adaptive immune system. After the two lineages diverged, the vertebrate line developed innate immunity, which continued to evolve in all vertebrates. d. This suggests that the adaptive immune system evolved first. Invertebrates and vertebrates had a common ancestor, which had an adaptive immune system. After the two lineages diverged, the vertebrate line developed innate immunity, which continued to evolve in all vertebrates.

How do natural killer cells react to healthy cells compared to cells infected with a pathogen? a. Natural killer cells recognize MHC I on a healthy cell and do not kill it, while the infected cells that do not present MHC I are killed. b. Natural killer cells recognize MHC I on an infected cell and kill it, while the healthy cells that do not present MHC I are not killed. c. Natural killer cells recognize MHC II on a healthy cell and do not kill it, while the infected cells that do not present MHC II are killed. d. Natural killer cells recognize MHC II on an infected cell and kill it, while the healthy cells that do not present MHC II are not killed.

What is another term for adaptive immunity? a. acquired immunity b. innate immunity c. passive immunity d. humoral immunity
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