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Chapter 33: Problem 13

What component of the innate immune system is not part of the adaptive immune system? a. T cells b. antibodies c. mast cells d. B cells

Short Answer

Expert verified
c. mast cells

Step by step solution

01

Understand the Question

The question asks for a component of the innate immune system that is not part of the adaptive immune system.
02

Identify Components of the Adaptive Immune System

The adaptive immune system includes T cells, B cells, and antibodies. These components have a specific response to pathogens and have memory.
03

Identify Components of the Innate Immune System

The innate immune system includes components like mast cells, macrophages, and natural killer cells that have a general, non-specific response to pathogens.
04

Compare Lists

Compare the components given in the options (T cells, antibodies, mast cells, B cells) with those of the adaptive immune system (T cells, B cells, antibodies).
05

Determine the Correct Answer

Since T cells, B cells, and antibodies are all part of the adaptive immune system, the correct answer must be the one not in that list, which is mast cells.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

innate immune system
The innate immune system is the body's first line of defense against infections. It responds quickly to pathogens and provides immediate protection. Unlike the adaptive immune system, the response of the innate immune system is non-specific, meaning it does not target specific pathogens.
Key components of the innate immune system include:
  • Mast cells - Release chemicals like histamines that cause inflammation and help to fight off infections.
  • Macrophages - Large white blood cells that engulf and digest pathogens and debris.
  • Natural killer cells - Attack and destroy infected or cancerous cells.
Because the innate immune system provides a general defense, it does not develop memory or improve upon subsequent exposures to the same pathogen. This makes it different from the adaptive immune system.
adaptive immune system
The adaptive immune system is highly specific to particular pathogens and develops a targeted response. Unlike the innate immune system, it takes longer to respond but provides a more robust and long-lasting immunity.
Key components of the adaptive immune system include:
  • T cells - Types include cytotoxic T cells that kill infected cells and helper T cells that assist other immune cells.
  • B cells - Produce antibodies that neutralize pathogens.
  • Antibodies - Y-shaped proteins that specifically target and bind to antigens present on pathogens.
One of the critical features of the adaptive immune system is its ability to remember pathogens through a process called immunological memory. This allows for a faster and more efficient response upon subsequent exposures.
immune system cells
Understanding the different cells involved in the immune system helps us grasp how the body defends itself.
The major immune cells can be categorized into innate and adaptive types:
  • Innate immune cells:
    • Mast cells - Involved in allergic reactions and pathogen defense.
    • Macrophages - Degrade pathogens through phagocytosis.
    • Natural killer cells - Destroy compromised host cells.
  • Adaptive immune cells:
    • T cells - Include helper, cytotoxic, and regulatory T cells, each specialized in their function.
    • B cells - Differentiate into plasma cells to produce specific antibodies.
    • Plasma cells - Derived from B cells and secrete antibodies.
  • Bridge cells - Dendritic cells act as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity by presenting antigens to T cells.
These cells work together to ensure an effective immune response, providing both immediate and long-term defense against pathogens.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A patient has just been informed that they have an autoimmune disease that attacks the salivary glands. How would you explain to the patient what is happening inside their body? a. The immune system is producing antibodies against their own proteins present in their salivary glands, causing the salivary glands to break down and become non-functional. b. The ability of the immune system to fight the antigen present in the salivary glands might have been compromised, causing the salivary glands to break down and become non- functional. c. The immune system might have reacted in an abnormal way to an antigen that may have entered salivary glands, causing the salivary glands to break down and become nonfunctional. d. Some pathogen might have entered the salivary glands, causing the salivary glands to break down and become non-functional.

How do natural killer cells react to healthy cells compared to cells infected with a pathogen? a. Natural killer cells recognize MHC I on a healthy cell and do not kill it, while the infected cells that do not present MHC I are killed. b. Natural killer cells recognize MHC I on an infected cell and kill it, while the healthy cells that do not present MHC I are not killed. c. Natural killer cells recognize MHC II on a healthy cell and do not kill it, while the infected cells that do not present MHC II are killed. d. Natural killer cells recognize MHC II on an infected cell and kill it, while the healthy cells that do not present MHC II are not killed.

How does inflammation develop? a. Inflammation is induced by molecules such as cytokines and histamine that are produced by various host cells in response to pathogens at the site of injury or infection. b. During inflammation, all blood cells retreat from the site of infection in order to protect the circulatory system from pathogen infection. c. Inflammation is an ongoing condition in the human body, part of the way that the innate immune system can respond immediately to an infection. d. When an infection occurs, an immediate inflammatory response occurs as soon as pathogens enter the body.

How does an antibody molecule bind specifically to one antigen but not to others? a. due to the presence of a specific antigen binding site b. due to the constant region c. due to diversity of variable region d. due to the complete antibody structure

What is the term for antibodies that inappropriately mark self components as foreign? a. cross reactive b. epitopes c. allergens d. autoantibodies
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