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Chapter 31: Problem 6

Fish and birds have closed circulation. They both have a systemic circulatory system, which delivers blood from the heart and out to the organs of the body. Birds differ from fish in that they have a circuit that leads through the lungs and back to the heart. What is this called? a. pulmonary circulatory circuit b. gill circulatory circuit c. pulmocutaneous circulatory circuit d. lymph circulatory circuit

Short Answer

Expert verified
a. pulmonary circulatory circuit

Step by step solution

01

- Understand the systems

Both fish and birds have a systemic circulatory system, but there is a difference. Fish use gills to oxygenate their blood, whereas birds use lungs.
02

- Identify the additional circuit in birds

Birds have an additional circuit that involves the passage of blood through the lungs and back to the heart. This process is responsible for oxygenating the blood through the lungs.
03

- Compare and select the correct term

The term for the circuit that moves blood through the lungs and back to the heart is the 'pulmonary circulatory circuit'.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Closed Circulatory System
In a closed circulatory system, blood is contained within vessels, which allows for efficient transport of nutrients, gases, and wastes throughout the body. This setup is common in vertebrates, including fish, birds, and mammals.
A closed system means the blood never leaves the network of arteries, veins, and capillaries.
This separation from other body fluids allows higher pressure, enabling more effective distribution of oxygen and nutrients.
  • Components include the heart, vessels, and blood.
  • Advantages include better regulation of blood flow and higher nutrient delivery efficiency.
  • This system supports more active lifestyles and larger body sizes.
Systemic Circulation
Systemic circulation refers to the part of the cardiovascular system that carries blood away from the heart, delivers it to most of the organs and tissues, and returns it back to the heart.
This circulation begins with the left ventricle pumping oxygenated blood into the aorta.
  • The main goal is to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the cells and pick up waste products.
  • After nourishing the organs, the deoxygenated blood returns to the heart through veins like the superior and inferior vena cava.
  • This cycle is crucial for maintaining homeostasis and supporting bodily functions.
Lungs Blood Flow
Lungs blood flow is a critical part of the pulmonary circulatory circuit, which is absent in fish but present in birds and mammals.
In this process, deoxygenated blood travels from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs via pulmonary arteries.
There, it picks up oxygen and releases carbon dioxide, a waste product of metabolism.
  • Oxygenated blood then returns to the left atrium of the heart through pulmonary veins.
  • This oxygen-rich blood is then pumped into systemic circulation to supply the body with vital oxygen.
  • The pulmonary circuit works in tandem with systemic circulation to ensure constant supply of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Compare and contrast veins and arteries. a. Both veins and arteries have three distinct layers. Veins take blood away from the heart and arteries bring blood back to the heart. b. Both veins and arteries have three distinct layers. Arteries take blood away from the heart and veins bring blood back to the heart. c. Both veins and arteries have valves to prevent the backflow of blood. Arteries take blood away from the heart and veins bring blood back to the heart. d. Both veins and arteries have valves to prevent the backflow of blood. Veins take blood away from the heart and arteries bring blood back to the heart.

The inflammatory response involves increasing blood flow to areas of the body that contain immune system cells fighting a pathogen or foreign object. The inflammatory response is an example of a positive feedback loop. Based on this, what would cause the inflammatory response to stop in a certain area of the body? a. The white blood cells destroy all of the pathogens/foreign objects. b. The white blood cells disperse away from the site. c. More white blood cells arrive to fight the pathogens/foreign objects. d. Fewer white blood cells are needed to finish fighting the infection

Serum is used to diagnose and monitor diseases, and it is also used to classify blood types. Which of the following statements best describes serum? a. It is a liquid consisting of 90% water and has coagulation factors. b. It is plasma without the coagulation factors. c. Serum is only made of albumin. d. Serum is the same substance as interstitial fluid.

How does the structure of red blood cells allow them to deliver oxygen to the cells of the body? a. Their size and shape allow them to carry and transfer oxygen. b. Their disc shape contains many small vesicles that allow them to carry and transfer oxygen. c. They have nuclei and do not contain hemoglobin. d. They contain coagulation factors and antibodies.

What is one advantage of a four chambered heart over a three chambered heart? a. Oxygenated blood carried by the right side of the heart is completely separated from the left side carrying deoxygenated blood, which assists in more efficient movement of oxygen around the body and aids in allowing the body to quickly move when needed. b. A four-chambered heart keeps oxygenated and deoxygenated blood separated and has double circulation whereas a three-chambered heart has a single circulation. This assists in more efficient movement of oxygen around the body. c. Oxygenated and deoxygenated blood are kept separate in a four-chambered heart, which assists in more efficient movement of carbon dioxide around the body. d. Oxygenated and deoxygenated blood are kept separate in a four-chambered heart, which assists in more efficient movement of oxygen around the body and aids in allowing the body to move quickly when needed.
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