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Chapter 3: Problem 56

Which molecule carries information in a form that is inherited from one generation to another? a. Hereditary information is stored in DNA. b. Hereditary information is stored in mRNA. c. Hereditary information is stored in proteins. d. Hereditary information is stored in tRNA.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Hereditary information is stored in DNA.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the Question

The question asks which molecule carries hereditary information that is passed from one generation to another.
02

Review the Options

The options given are DNA, mRNA, proteins, and tRNA. Consider each molecule's role in the cell.
03

Identify the Function of DNA

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) is known to carry genetic information. It is responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information during reproduction.
04

Identify the Function of mRNA

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome but does not store genetic information permanently.
05

Identify the Function of Proteins

Proteins are involved in various cellular functions but do not store genetic information to be inherited.
06

Identify the Function of tRNA

tRNA (transfer RNA) helps in the translation process during protein synthesis but does not store genetic information.
07

Conclusion

Among all the given options, DNA is the molecule that stores hereditary information and ensures it is passed from one generation to another.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Genetic Information
Genetic information is the blueprint of life. It is the set of instructions found within our cells that dictates how organisms develop, function, and reproduce. This information is encoded in the DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) and contains all the necessary details to build and maintain an organism.

DNA is organized into units called genes. Each gene contains the instructions to produce specific proteins, which are essential for various cellular activities. The sequence of nucleotides in DNA determines the genetic information.

Understanding genetic information helps explain how traits are passed from parents to offspring and how variations occur within a species.
Inheritance
Inheritance is the process through which genetic information is passed from one generation to another. When organisms reproduce, they pass copies of their DNA to their offspring, ensuring that the offspring inherit characteristics from their parents.

This process involves several key mechanisms:
  • Meiosis: This is a type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes by half, creating gametes (sperm and egg cells).
  • Fertilization: This occurs when a sperm cell and an egg cell combine, restoring the full number of chromosomes and creating a new organism with a unique combination of genetic information.

Inheritance is also influenced by dominant and recessive alleles. Dominant alleles typically mask the effect of recessive alleles, impacting how traits are expressed.
Molecular Biology
Molecular biology is the branch of science that deals with the molecular basis of biological activity. It focuses on understanding the structure and function of molecules essential to life, especially DNA, RNA, and proteins.

Key activities in molecular biology include:
  • DNA Replication: The process by which a cell makes an exact copy of its DNA.
  • Transcription: The synthesis of mRNA from DNA. This step is crucial for taking genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes, where proteins are made.
  • Translation: The process of synthesizing proteins based on the information encoded in mRNA.

Molecular biology also involves various techniques for manipulating DNA, such as cloning and genetic engineering, which have vast applications in medicine, agriculture, and research.
DNA Function
DNA has several critical functions that are vital for the survival and reproduction of organisms. These functions include:
  • Storage of Genetic Information: DNA contains the instructions needed to build and maintain the organism.
  • Replication: Before a cell divides, it must copy its DNA so that the new cells receive the same genetic information.
  • Expression: DNA's genetic information is used to synthesize proteins through the processes of transcription and translation.
  • Mutation and Evolution: Mutations in DNA can lead to genetic diversity, driving the process of evolution.

Each of these functions is essential for the maintenance of life and the continuity of hereditary information across generations, ensuring the proper function and perpetuation of living organisms.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

What type of amino acids would you expect to find on the surface of proteins that must interact closely with water?

Carbohydrates serve various functions in different animals. Arthropods like insects, crustaceans, and others, have an outer layer, called the exoskeleton, which protects their internal body parts. This exoskeleton is made mostly of chitin. Chitin is also a major component of the cell walls of fungi, the kingdom that includes molds and mushrooms. Chitin is a polysaccharide. What is the major difference between chitin and other types of polysaccharides? a. Chitin is a nitrogen-containing polysaccharide, with repeating units of \(N\) -acetyl- \(\beta-D\) - glucosamine, a modified sugar. b. Chitin is similar to amylase, but with sulfur linkages between the monomers. c. Chitin is similar to inulin, a polysaccharide with fructose, but with additional glucose monomers. d. Chitin contains phosphate groups that give it a stiffness not found in other polysaccharides.

What are the four types and functions of RNA? a. \(\mathrm{mRNA}\) is a single stranded transcript of DNA. rRNA is found in ribosomes. tRNA transfers specific amino acids to a developing protein strand. miRNA regulates the expression of mRNA strands. b. \(\mathrm{mRNA}\) is a single stranded transcript of rRNA. rRNA is translated in ribosomes to make proteins. tRNA transfers specific amino acids to a developing protein strand. microRNA (miRNA) regulates the expression of the mRNA strand. c. \(\mathrm{mRN}\) A regulates the expression of the miRNA strand. \(\mathrm{RNA}\) are found in ribosomes. tRNA transfers specific amino acids to a developing d. \(\mathrm{mRNA}\) is a single stranded transcript of DNA. rRNA transfers specific amino acids to a developing protein strand. tRNA is found in ribosomes. miRNA regulates the expression of the mRNA strand.

What role do electrons play in dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis? a. Electrons are added to \(\mathrm{OH}\) and \(\mathrm{H}\) ion in the dehydration synthesis. They are removed from \(\mathrm{OH}\) and \(\mathrm{H}\) in hydrolysis. b. Electrons are transferred from OH and H ions to the monomers in dehydration synthesis. They are taken up by the H and OH ions from the monomers in hydrolysis. c. Electrons are removed from \(\mathrm{OH}\) and \(\mathrm{H}\) in the dehydration synthesis. They are added to OH and \(\mathrm{H}\) in hydrolysis. d. Electrons are transferred from monomers to \(\mathrm{H}\) and \(\mathrm{OH}\) ions in hydrolysis and from \(\mathrm{OH}\) and \(\mathrm{H}\) to monomers in dehydration synthesis.

Which of the following characteristics is not true for saturated fats? a. They are solid at room temperature. b. They have single bonds within the carbon chain. c. They tend to dissolve in water easily.
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