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Chapter 3: Problem 1

Dehydration synthesis leads to the formation of what? a. monomers b. polymers c. carbohydrates only d. water only

Short Answer

Expert verified
b. polymers

Step by step solution

01

Understand the term 'Dehydration Synthesis'

Dehydration synthesis is a chemical reaction where two molecules are joined together with the removal of a water molecule.
02

Identify what is being formed

In dehydration synthesis, the joining of smaller molecules (monomers) leads to the formation of larger molecules (polymers).
03

Analyze the answer choices

a. monomers (incorrect, since monomers are the building blocks)b. polymers (correct, as larger molecules)c. carbohydrates only (incorrect, as it is not limited to carbohydrates)d. water only (incorrect, water is a byproduct, not the main product)
04

Select the correct answer

The formation during dehydration synthesis is of polymers; thus, the correct answer is (b) polymers.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Polymers
Polymers are large, complex molecules made up of repeated smaller units called monomers. Think of polymers as a long chain, where each link is a monomer. These chains can be made up of hundreds, thousands, or even millions of monomers. This process is vital in various natural and synthetic materials. For example:
  • Natural polymers include DNA, proteins, and cellulose.
  • Synthetic polymers include plastic, nylon, and polyester.
Without polymers, life as we know it wouldn't exist because they form the basis of essential biological structures and functions.
Monomers
Monomers are the building blocks of polymers. These are smaller, simpler molecules. When monomers bond together through special chemical reactions, they form polymers. Monomers can bond in various ways:
  • In chains, like beads on a string.
  • In branched structures, where some beads have side chains.
Common examples of monomers include:
  • Glucose, which forms starch or cellulose.
  • Amino acids, which bond to make proteins.
Dehydration synthesis is one way monomers bond to create polymers, involving the removal of water molecules.
Chemical Reaction
A chemical reaction involves changing one or more substances into new substances. Dehydration synthesis is a specific type of chemical reaction:
  • In this reaction, two molecules combine to form a single, larger molecule.
  • Water is removed in the process, hence the term 'dehydration.'
To break it down further:
  • One monomer provides a hydrogen atom (H) and the other provides a hydroxyl group (OH).
  • These combine to form water (H2O) which is then removed.
This results in a longer molecule, which is the polymer. Dehydration synthesis isn't limited to creating just one type of polymer, but is a broad mechanism, essential for creating various biological and synthetic polymers.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

What is the smallest type of RNA? a. \(\operatorname{mRNA}\) b. microRNA c. \(\mathrm{RRNA}\) d. \(\mathrm{tRNA}\)

Why is it impossible for humans to digest food that contains cellulose? a. There is no energy available in fiber. b. An inactive form of cellulase in human digestive tract renders it undigested and removes it as waste. c. The acidic environment in the human stomach makes it impossible to break the bonds in cellulose. d. Human digestive enzymes cannot break down the \(\beta-1,4\) glycosidic linkage in cellulose, which requires a special enzyme that is absent in humans.

Why have trans fats been banned from some restaurants? How are they created? a. Trans fat is produced by the hydrogenation of oil that makes it more saturated and isomerized. It increases LDL amounts. b. The dehydrogenation of oil forms the trans fat, which contains single bonds in its structure. This increases HDL in the body and has been banned. c. Trans fat is produced by dehydrogenation of oils, which makes it unsaturated. It increases LDL in body. d. The hydrogenation of oil makes the trans fat, which contains double bonds in its structure. It decreases HDL in the body.

Cellulose and starch are examples of _____. a. disaccharides b. lipids c. monosaccharides d. polysaccharides

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