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Chapter 28: Problem 5

The hormone that triggers the flight-or-fight response, epinephrine, is derived from tyrosine, and the hormone that regulates circadian rhythms, melatonin, is derived from tryptophan. What class of hormone are these? a. lipid-derived hormones b. amino acid-derived hormones c. peptide hormones d. glycoprotein hormones

Short Answer

Expert verified
b. amino acid-derived hormones

Step by step solution

01

- Understand What Epinephrine and Melatonin Are Derived From

Epinephrine is derived from tyrosine and melatonin is derived from tryptophan. Both of these substances are amino acids.
02

- Classify the Hormones

Since both precursor molecules (tyrosine and tryptophan) are amino acids, the hormones derived from them are classified as amino acid-derived hormones.
03

- Choose the Correct Option

Out of the given options: a. lipid-derived hormones, b. amino acid-derived hormones, c. peptide hormones, and d. glycoprotein hormones, the correct classification for hormones derived from amino acids is b. amino acid-derived hormones.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

epinephrine
Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is a hormone and a neurotransmitter. It is derived from the amino acid tyrosine. When you face a stressful situation, your body needs to prepare for a quick reaction. This is known as the 'fight-or-flight' response. The adrenal glands release epinephrine into the bloodstream. It increases your heart rate, elevates your blood pressure, and boosts energy supplies. Here鈥檚 what epinephrine does:
  • Increases heart rate
  • Increases blood sugar levels
  • Opens airways in the lungs
  • Diverts blood to essential muscles
All these effects help you react quickly and efficiently in emergencies.
melatonin
Melatonin is a hormone derived from the amino acid tryptophan. It is produced mainly by the pineal gland in the brain. Melatonin plays a crucial role in regulating sleep-wake cycles, also known as circadian rhythms. Its production is influenced by the light-dark cycle. During the evening, when it gets dark, melatonin levels rise, helping you feel sleepy. Here鈥檚 how melatonin works:
  • Regulates sleep-wake cycles
  • Helps signal bedtime to your body
  • Acts as an antioxidant
  • Supports immune responses
Melatonin supplements are often used to treat sleep disorders or jet lag.
circadian rhythms
Circadian rhythms are natural, internal processes that follow a roughly 24-hour cycle. These rhythms regulate various biological functions, such as sleep, body temperature, and hormone release. The primary cue for these rhythms is light. The most well-known circadian rhythm is the sleep-wake cycle, which is regulated by melatonin. Key points about circadian rhythms include:
  • Follow a 24-hour cycle
  • Controlled by the brain鈥檚 suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)
  • Influenced by environmental factors like light
  • Affect sleep, feeding, hormone release, and more
Maintaining a consistent sleep schedule can help keep your circadian rhythms stable, leading to better overall health.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

David, an athlete, wants to enhance his baseball performance by taking erythropoietin. Identify what David is trying to change. a. build more muscle b. improve endurance c. reduce fertility d. decrease need to urinate

Marcus experienced nervous system damage in a car accident. Identify which of the following endocrine-related body functions will be most likely impaired as a result. a. ability to lower blood glucose levels b. fight-or-flight response c. urine production d. body heat regulation

Although positive feedback loops are rare in the endocrine system, they are present in childbirth. Explain how childbirth is controlled by a positive feedback loop. a. When a child pushes on the cervix, a signal is sent to stimulate oxytocin release, which stimulates more contractions. This promotes more oxytocin release that allows the child to be pushed through the birth canal. b. When a child pushes on the cervix, a signal is sent to stimulate oxytocin release, which stimulates contractions. This promotes release of progesterone that allows the child to be pushed through the birth canal. c. When a child pushes on the cervix, a signal is sent to stimulate prolactin release, which stimulates more contractions. This promotes release of more prolactin that allows the child to be pushed through the birth canal. d. When a child pushes on the cervix, a signal is sent to stimulate progesterone release, which stimulates contractions. This promotes release of oxytocin that allows the child to be pushed through the birth canal.

Describe how stress promotes water retention, which can lead to weight gain. a. Stress decreases osmolality, which increases antidiuretic hormone secretion. Antidiuretic hormone helps retain water. b. Stress increases osmolality, which increases antidiuretic hormone secretion. Antidiuretic hormone helps retain water. c. Stress increases osmolality, which decreases antidiuretic hormone secretion. Antidiuretic hormone helps with water loss. d. Stress decreases osmolality, which decreases antidiuretic hormone secretion. Antidiuretic hormone helps with water loss.

Hormones are essential for facilitating communication between cells, which can help maintain homeostasis within the body. Explain how hormones facilitate communication on a molecular level. a. A hormone is released in response to a stimulus, travels through the body, and then binds to receptors of the target cell to illicit a response. b. A hormone is released from the pituitary gland body, and then binds to a receptor of a target cell to illicit response. c. A hormone is released in response to a stimulus, travels through the body, and then binds to receptors to stimulate the signaling pathway. d. A hormone is released in response to a stimulus, travels through the body and then binds to the intracellular receptors of target cells to illicit a response.
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