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Chapter 28: Problem 13
FSH and LH release from the anterior pituitary is stimulated by ______. a. \(\mathrm{TSH}\) b. \(\mathrm{GnRH}\) c. \(\mathrm{T}_{3}\) d. \(\mathrm{PTH}\)
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The adrenal medulla secretes two types of hormones. Identify what is secreted and describe their functions. a. They secrete cortisol and aldosterone, which increase heart rate, breathing rate, muscle contractions, blood pressure, and blood glucose as short-term stress response. b. They secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine, which increase heart rate, breathing rate, muscle contractions, blood pressure, and blood glucose as long-term stress response. c. They secrete cortisol and aldosterone, which increase heart rate, breathing rate, muscle contractions, blood pressure, and blood glucose as long-term stress response. d. They secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine, which increase heart rate, breathing rate, muscle contractions, blood pressure, and blood glucose as short-term stress response.
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is essential for water regulation in the kidneys. Once released from the pituitary, ADH travels through to the kidneys. Explain how ADH promotes water reabsorption. a. \(A D H\) initiates a series of events that lead to release of more vasopressin hormone in the kidney, leading to the movement of water out of kidneys b. ADH initiates a series of events that lead to temporary insertion of aquaporins in the kidney, through which water moves in the kidney. c. ADH initiates a series of events leading to temporary insertion of aquaporins in the kidney, through which water moves out of the kidneys. d. ADH initiates a series of events that leads to the movement of water out of the kidneys through simple diffusion.
Identify what triggers a reduction in the number of receptors if there are elevated hormone levels. a. intracellular hormone receptors b. cell surface receptors c. up-regulation d. down-regulation
Terry recently gained weight and has been more tired than usual. Terry's doctor suggested that he might not produce enough thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Explain why a TSH deficiency could cause Terry's weight gain and fatigue. a. Without TSH, there would be excessive production of \(\mathrm{T} 3\) and \(\mathrm{T} 4\) leading to a high metabolic rate, causing weight gain and fatigue. b. Without TSH, there would be excessive production of \(\mathrm{T} 3\) and \(\mathrm{T} 4\) leading to a low metabolic rate, causing weight gain and fatigue. c. Without TSH, T3 and T4 cannot be properly produced, leading to a high metabolic rate, causing weight gain and fatigue. d. Without TSH, T3 and T4 cannot be properly produced, leading to a low metabolic rate, causing weight gain and fatigue.
Although positive feedback loops are rare in the endocrine system, they are present in childbirth. Explain how childbirth is controlled by a positive feedback loop. a. When a child pushes on the cervix, a signal is sent to stimulate oxytocin release, which stimulates more contractions. This promotes more oxytocin release that allows the child to be pushed through the birth canal. b. When a child pushes on the cervix, a signal is sent to stimulate oxytocin release, which stimulates contractions. This promotes release of progesterone that allows the child to be pushed through the birth canal. c. When a child pushes on the cervix, a signal is sent to stimulate prolactin release, which stimulates more contractions. This promotes release of more prolactin that allows the child to be pushed through the birth canal. d. When a child pushes on the cervix, a signal is sent to stimulate progesterone release, which stimulates contractions. This promotes release of oxytocin that allows the child to be pushed through the birth canal.
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