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Chapter 24: Problem 15

Animals maintain an overall steady state of internal conditions by . a. ectothermy b. homeostasis c. basal metabolic rate d. standard metabolic rate

Short Answer

Expert verified
b. homeostasis

Step by step solution

01

Understanding the Question

The question asks about the mechanism through which animals maintain a steady state of internal conditions. This involves the regulation of internal environment to remain stable despite changes in the external environment.
02

Option Analysis

Review each option provided in the question to understand which one correctly describes the mechanism. a. Ectothermy: Relying on external sources for body heat regulation. b. Homeostasis: Process of maintaining stable internal conditions. c. Basal Metabolic Rate: The rate at which the body uses energy while at rest. d. Standard Metabolic Rate: The metabolic rate of an organism under standardized conditions.
03

Evaluating the Correct Option

The steady state of internal conditions involves maintaining balance such as temperature, pH, and other vital conditions, which is best described by 'homeostasis' (Option b).

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Internal Conditions
Animals and humans require a stable environment inside their bodies to function properly. These
Regulation
The process of controlling internal conditions is called 'regulation'. It means constantly monitoring and adjusting bodily functions. This involves several systems in the body working together. Here are some key components of regulation:
  • Nervous System: Sends quick signals to glands and muscles to react to changes.
  • Endocrine System: Releases hormones that travel through the bloodstream to organs and tissues.
  • Feedback Mechanisms: Use signals to inform the body what changes need to be made. For example, if your blood sugar is too high, insulin is released to lower it.

Regulation is about balance and ensuring the body can swiftly adapt to internal and external changes.
Steady State
The term 'steady state' refers to the balance that is achieved when all internal conditions are kept stable. This state is also known as equilibrium. Homeostasis is the main concept behind achieving this steady state. When the body is in equilibrium, it is in its most efficient, normal functioning state. Key examples include:
  • Body Temperature: Maintained around 37掳C (98.6掳F) in humans.
  • Blood Glucose Levels: Kept within a narrow range to provide cells with a constant energy supply.
  • Blood Pressure: Adjusted to ensure all organs receive adequate blood flow.

When these conditions are not maintained, the body can experience stress, which can lead to illness or dysfunction. The goal of homeostasis is to prevent such imbalances and maintain a steady state throughout the body.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Birth is one of the few positive feedback loops observed in humans and is essential for the proper delivery of babies. Describe how a baby pushing against a pregnant woman鈥檚 cervix stimulates a positive feedback loop. a. Stretching stimulates nerve impulses to be sent to the brain, which releases oxytocin from the pituitary, which in turn causes uterine contractions. b. Stretching stimulates nerve impulses to be sent to the brain, which releases estrogen from the pituitary, which in turn causes uterine contractions. c. Stretching stimulates nerve impulses to be sent to the brain, which releases oxytocin from the parathyroid gland, which in turn causes uterine contractions. d. Stretching stimulates nerve impulses to be sent to the brain which releases progesterone from the pituitary, which in turn causes uterine contractions

Positive feedback loops amplify processes in organisms. Which of the following statements describes the role of the hormone oxytocin in a positive feedback loop for childbirth? a. Oxytocin halts uterine contractions when the fetus pushes on the uterine wall. b. Oxytocin maintains pain levels as the child is pushed through the birth canal. c. Oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions when the fetus pushes on the uterine wall. d. Oxytocin decreases pain levels as the child is pushed through the birth canal.

The part of a neuron that contains the nucleus is the. a. axon b. dendrite c. cell body d. oligodendrocyte

What type of feedback loop pushes an organism鈥檚 physiology further away from it normal setpoints? a. positive feedback loop b. negative feedback loop c. set point d. receptor

Negative feedback mechanisms are far more prevalent in the human body than positive feedback loops because they help regulate homeostasis. However, there are some instances of positive feedback loops that can be observed in animals. Regulation of which of the following is an example of a positive feedback loop? a. When body temperature gets too high, signals are sent to reduce body temperature. b. Increased blood glucose levels stimulate insulin production, which in turn sequesters glucose from the blood. c. Decreased calcium levels stimulate increased calcium absorption. d. Activation of one clotting factor stimulates production of other clotting factors until a fibrin clot is produced.
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