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Chapter 23: Problem 62

Why are plants with shallow roots more easily damaged by some herbivores? a. Shallow roots do not anchor the plant to the ground and can be easily uprooted. Once the plant is no longer in the ground, the roots are unable to grow back. b. Plants with shallow roots do not anchor the plant to the ground; meristems can be easily damaged and cannot grow back when not in the ground. c. Shallow roots do not anchor the plant to the ground and can be easily uprooted. Once the plant is no longer in the ground, roots take a long time to grow back. d. Shallow roots anchor the plant to the ground strongly but can be easily uprooted, and they grow back very slowly.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Option b is correct as it explains that shallow roots do not anchor the plant well and damaged meristems cannot regenerate, aligning with herbivore damage.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the Question

Plants with shallow roots can be easily damaged by herbivores. We need to find the reason for this by examining the given options.
02

Analyze Option a

Option a suggests that shallow roots do not anchor the plant well, making it easy to uproot. After being uprooted, the roots cannot grow back. Check whether this aligns with the damage caused by herbivores.
03

Analyze Option b

Option b also claims that shallow roots do not anchor the plant well. It additionally mentions that meristems can be easily damaged and cannot regenerate when not in the ground. Verify if this is a plausible explanation for damage by herbivores.
04

Analyze Option c

Option c states that shallow roots do not anchor the plant well and that uprooted roots take a long time to grow back. Evaluate if this explains the increased susceptibility to herbivore damage.
05

Analyze Option d

Option d says that shallow roots anchor the plant strongly but can still be easily uprooted, with slow regrowth. Compare this with the nature of damage by herbivores.
06

Determine the Best Answer

Options a, b, and c refer to shallow roots that do not anchor well. Option b's point about meristems being damaged and unable to grow back seems most relevant to the harm caused by herbivores as it covers the primary reason for damage and non-regeneration.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

shallow roots
Shallow roots refer to root systems that are close to the soil surface. These roots offer minimal support to the plant. As a result, plants with shallow roots are not well-anchored. This makes them prone to damage from various forces, including wind and animal activity. Herbivores, such as deer or rabbits, can easily pull these plants out of the ground while grazing.

Once uprooted, the plant struggles to survive because the roots are no longer in the soil to absorb water and nutrients. This makes shallow-rooted plants particularly vulnerable.
herbivore damage
Herbivores are animals that feed on plants, and their feeding behavior can significantly affect plant health. When an herbivore pulls at a plant, especially one with shallow roots, it can easily uproot it. This uprooting not only removes the plant from its nutrient source but can also damage critical parts such as the meristems.

Damaged meristems hinder a plant's ability to regenerate and grow. Also, herbivores tend to chew and break plant tissues, making recovery difficult. This is why herbivore feeding can be particularly harmful to shallow-rooted plants.
plant meristems
Plant meristems are regions of undifferentiated cells where growth can take place. These cells divide and create new plant tissues, contributing to the plant's growth and regeneration. Meristems found at the tips of roots and shoots are crucial for the plant's development.

When plants with shallow roots are uprooted by herbivores, the meristems can be exposed and damaged. Damage to these growth regions can impede the plant's ability to regrow, recover from trauma, and continue its development. Protecting plant meristems is crucial for plant survival and resilience.
uprooting
Uprooting occurs when a plant is pulled out of the ground, often leading to severe physiological stress or death. For shallow-rooted plants, uprooting is a common consequence of herbivore feeding. The displacement from the soil means the plant can no longer access water and nutrients essential for its survival.

Without being anchored in the ground, the plant cannot stabilize itself, making it susceptible to further environmental stressors. Moreover, the damage caused to roots and meristems during the uprooting process greatly reduces the chances of recovery. As a result, once a plant is uprooted, its ability to regrow is significantly compromised.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Which statements list two advantages of a taproot? a. It anchors the plant, so that it is not easily uprooted by predators or wind. It is a sink for proteins that is protected from herbivores by being underground. b. It anchors the plant, so that it is not easily uprooted by predators or wind. It is a source of starches that is protected from herbivores by being underground. c. It anchors the plant, so that it cannot be uprooted by predators or wind. It is a sink for starches that is protected from herbivores by being underground. d. It anchors the plant, so that it is not easily uprooted by predators or wind. It is a sink for starches that is protected from herbivores by being underground.

A researcher intends to test the effects of several growth factors on the differentiation of plant tissue. What would be the best choice of experimental tissue? a. dermal tissue b. meristematic tissue c. vascular tissue d. ground tissue

A disruption of dynamic homeostasis in the relationship between vascular plants and insects is occurring as global climate changes. The reduction in the yield of soybeans is plotted against leaf area removed by two insects, beetles and aphids. Soybean blooms begin to develop in the week of 13 July. Prior to that time, there is no effect of leaf removal on yield, even with complete loss of leaves. In the week of 18 August, plants are beginning to form seeds, and loss of leaves can be devastating. A. One observed effect of climate change is the shift toward earlier development in many insects. Quantitatively describe the worst possible consequences for yield, assuming plant developmental timing is not altered by warming temperatures, if the peak abundance of Japanese beetles is shifted from 18 July to 13 July, and 80% of leaf area is lost. The expression of genes involved in seed development is temperature dependent, unlike the scenario suggested in part A. More than 90% of soybean seeds planted in 2015 in the soybean-corn ecosystem of the central United States are the herbicide-resistant, genetically modified 鈥淩oundup Ready鈥� variety. The seed has a patented genome. It produces seeds that are sterile and must be purchased each spring from the patent holder. B. Predict how the use of Roundup Ready seeds affects the selection of expression regulated in response to increasing temperature. Roundup is an herbicide whose active chemical component is glyphosphate. This molecule disrupts the synthesis of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan. By inserting a gene from Agrobacteria, a Roundup Ready seed can synthesize these amino acids in the presence of the herbicide. C. Pose two scientific questions that must be considered to estimate the long- term effectiveness of this strategy for weed management.

Plants can modify their water potential by opening and closing their stomata to modulate the rate of respiration according to environmental conditions. Which of the following environmental conditions would cause the stomata to close? a. increased temperature b. high oxygen concentration c. high relative humidity d. high light levels

A horticulture student is classifying plants as dicots or monocots according to their leaf structure. How is a dicot leaf recognizable? a. It does not have stipules b. The veins form a network pattern. c. The veins are parallel. d. The veins form forks and fan out.
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