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Chapter 23: Problem 36

You picked leaves while on a hike. One specimen appears to show an opposite arrangement. On closer inspection, you notice that those are not leaves, but leaflets attached to a midrib vein. What type of leaf arrangement are you observing? a. palmately compound b. pinnately compound c. simple whorled d. simple spiral

Short Answer

Expert verified
b. pinnately compound

Step by step solution

01

- Understand the Terms

First, it's important to understand the botanical terms used in the problem. A 'leaflet' is a smaller leaf-like structure that is part of a compound leaf. In a 'compound leaf', multiple leaflets are attached to a midrib or central vein.
02

- Identify Compound Leaves

Compound leaves can be divided into different types. A 'palmately compound' leaf has leaflets radiating out from a single point at the end of the stalk, like the fingers of a hand. A 'pinnately compound' leaf has leaflets arranged along both sides of a central midrib.
03

- Compare with Observations

According to the question, the observed structure consists of leaflets arranged along a midrib vein. This rules out a 'simple whorled' or 'simple spiral' arrangement, as these involve only single leaves.
04

- Determine the Final Answer

Since the leaflets are attached to a central midrib, the arrangement fits the characteristics of a 'pinnately compound' leaf.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Compound Leaves
Compound leaves are a fascinating aspect of plant biology. Instead of a single, undivided leaf blade, compound leaves are composed of multiple leaflets.
Unlike simple leaves, compound leaves have a complex structure that includes a central stem called the rachis or midrib.
Each leaflet is attached to this central midrib.

There are two main types of compound leaves we've observed: palmately compound and pinnately compound. Understanding these can help us identify the arrangement of leaflets in different plants.
Compound leaves can sometimes be mistaken for a branch with multiple leaves. However, note that all leaflets in a compound leaf are part of a single system and not individual leaves.
Palmately Compound
Palmately compound leaves have a unique and easily identifiable structure. In this type of compound leaf, the leaflets fan out from a single point at the end of the petiole, much like the fingers on a human hand spreading out from the palm.
Each leaflet is a part of the same compound leaf system.

One well-known example of palmately compound leaves is the horse chestnut tree. You can observe that all the leaflets are attached at a common point, forming a fan-like shape.
This arrangement is quite distinct and can be easily differentiated from other leaf arrangements.
Pinnately Compound
Pinnately compound leaves feature a different arrangement from palmately compound leaves. In this type, the leaflets are arranged along both sides of a central midrib.
Depending on the species, these leaflets can be evenly spaced or paired in an alternating pattern.

A good example is the rose plant.
If you look closely, you'll notice multiple leaflets emerging along the central vein or midrib, giving it a symmetrical appearance.
This arrangement can sometimes resemble a feather, which is why it's termed 'pinnate' (from the Latin word for feather).
Botanical Terms
Understanding some basic botanical terms can significantly enhance your ability to identify and describe plant structures.
Here are a few terms you might encounter:
  • Leaflet: A smaller, leaf-like part of a compound leaf.
  • Petiole: The stalk that attaches a leaf to the plant stem.
  • Midrib: The central vein or main axis of a leaf or leaflet.
  • Rachis: The main spine or midrib in a compound leaf from which leaflets arise.
  • Axil: The angle formed between the upper side of a leaf or stem and the supporting stem or branch.

Familiarizing yourself with these terms can help you in understanding plant morphology better and identifying different leaf arrangements accurately.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A student randomly chose 40 tobacco seeds of the same species from a packet. He placed 20 seeds on moist paper towels in each of two petri dishes. He wrapped dish A completely in an opaque cover to exclude all light. He did not wrap dish B. He placed the dishes equidistant from a light source set to a cycle of 14 hours of light and 10 hours of dark. All other conditions were the same for the two dishes. He examined the dishes after 7 days, and permanently removed the opaque cover from dish A. This table shows the student鈥檚 data. The most probable cause for the difference in mean stem length between plants in dish A and plants in dish B is ____. a. shortening of cells in the stem in response to the lack of light b. elongation of the stem in response to the lack of light c. enhancement of stem elongation by light d. genetic differences between the seeds

Which adaptation is most likely to be found in a desert environment? a. broad leaves to capture sunlight b. spines instead of leaves c. needle-like leaves d. wide, flat leaves that can float

Scientists label cells in the lateral meristem of a sapling with a dye to follow the developmental fate of the cells. After several weeks, sections are prepared from the sapling and observed under the microscope. Which tissues are most likely to be stained by the dye that was injected into the lateral meristem? a. Vascular tissue to transport nutrients and water b. The tip of plant to promote growth of plant c. Secondary xylem to increase girth of stem d. Epidermis to cover the plant

Which region of a plant is most likely to contribute to an increase in its length? a. tip of leaves b. dermal layer c. vascular bundles d. tip of the root

How is a leaf different from a leaflet? a. A leaf petiole attaches directly to the stem at a bud node, whereas a leaflet petiole is attached to the main petiole or the midrib, not the stem. b. A leaf has reticulate venation whereas leaflets show parallel venation. c. A leaf petiole attaches to the main petiole or the midrib, not the stem, whereas a leaflet petiole attaches directly to the stem at a bud node. d. A leaf has parallel venation whereas leaflets show reticulate venation.
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