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Chapter 23: Problem 12

Plant scientists are interested in isolating meristematic tissue for an experiment. They sample several regions of a plant. Which sample is most likely to contain meristematic tissue? a. the thin epidermis that covers an onion bulb b. a sample of fruit tissue c. a sample of actively dividing cells located at the tip of an onion root d. a region of the mesenchyme

Short Answer

Expert verified
c. the tip of an onion root. This region contains actively dividing cells, which are characteristic of meristematic tissue.

Step by step solution

01

Understand Meristematic Tissue

Meristematic tissue consists of undifferentiated cells that are actively dividing. They are responsible for the growth of the plant by mitosis.
02

Analyze Each Option

a. The thin epidermis that covers an onion bulb - Epidermis is generally protective tissue, not meristematic.b. A sample of fruit tissue - Fruit tissue is specialized and differentiated for reproduction and storage.c. A sample of actively dividing cells located at the tip of an onion root - Actively dividing cells indicate meristematic tissue.d. A region of the mesenchyme - Mesenchyme is found in animals, not plants.
03

Choose the Correct Answer

The sample most likely to contain meristematic tissue is
04

Conclusion

Since meristematic tissue consists of actively dividing cells, the correct option is c: the tip of an onion root.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Plant Growth
Plants grow through a fascinating process that involves the continuous division of cells. Unlike most animal cells which cease to divide once they mature, plant cells in certain regions, known as meristematic tissues, continue to proliferate. These growth regions are crucial as they help the plant elongate, develop new structures, and repair itself.
  • Plant growth involves two main processes: cell division and cell elongation.
  • Cell divisions in meristematic tissues add more cells to the plant.
  • Cell elongation occurs as the new cells take in water, increasing in size and helping the plant stretch.
The tip of a root is one such meristematic region, where cells are actively dividing to allow the root to grow further into the soil, searching for water and nutrients. This makes the plant dynamic and able to adapt to its environment.
Undifferentiated Cells
Undifferentiated cells, also called meristematic cells, are essential for plant growth. These cells have not yet specialized into their final forms, allowing them to divide and produce various types of plant tissue.
  • Meristematic cells are small, with thin cell walls and large nuclei.
  • They are typically found in the root and shoot tips, known as apical meristems.
  • These cells can differentiate into specialized cells such as xylem, phloem, leaves, and flowers as needed.
The ability of undifferentiated cells to divide and eventually become necessary components of the plant鈥檚 structure is what drives the plant's ability to grow, repair damaged areas, and adapt to environmental changes.
Mitosis in Plants
Mitosis is a type of cell division that allows plants to grow and produce new tissues. It involves the replication of the cell's DNA, ensuring each new cell has a full set of chromosomes.
  • Mitosis has five stages: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, and Cytokinesis.
  • During mitosis, a single cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells.
  • This process occurs rapidly in meristematic tissues, enabling the continuous growth and formation of new cells.
For example, in the apical meristem at the tip of an onion root, mitosis is nonstop. This area undergoes constant cell division to aid root elongation, allowing the plant to anchor itself and absorb nutrients and water.
Plant Anatomy
Understanding plant anatomy helps us identify where various types of tissues, including meristematic ones, are located.
  • Meristematic tissues are found at the tips of roots and shoots, known as the apical meristems.
  • Lateral meristems, including the vascular cambium and cork cambium, contribute to the girth of stems and roots in woody plants.
  • Unlike meristematic tissues, other plant tissues such as epidermis, vascular tissue, and ground tissue have specialized functions and are often derived from meristematic tissues through differentiation.
Knowing where meristematic tissue is located aids in recognizing areas of active growth. For example, identifying the tip of an onion root as containing meristematic tissue is crucial since that is a region where active cell division occurs, driving the plant's ability to grow.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

What are the functions of stomata and guard cells, and what would happen to a plant if these cells did not function correctly? a. Guard cells allow carbon dioxide to enter and exit the plant. Stomata regulate the opening and closing of guard cells. If the cells didn鈥檛 function, photosynthesis and transpiration would cease, which would interfere with the necessary continuous flow of water upward from roots to leaves. b. Stomata allow oxygen to enter and exit the plant. Guard cells regulate the opening and closing of stomata. If the cells didn鈥檛 function, photosynthesis would continue but transpiration would cease, which would interfere with the necessary continuous flow of water upward from roots to leaves. c. Guard cells allow carbon dioxide to enter and exit the plant. Stomata regulate the opening and closing of guard cells. Transpiration and in turn, photosynthesis would not occur which is necessary to maintain a continuous flow of water upwards from the roots to the leaves. d. Stomata allow gases to enter and exit the plant. Guard cells regulate the opening and closing of stomata. Photosynthesis and, in turn, transpiration, would not occur which is necessary to maintain a continuous flow of water upwards from the roots to the leaves.

Plants lose water from their aboveground surfaces in the process of transpiration. Most of this water is lost from stomata. Excess loss of water has severe consequences and may be fatal for the plant. The table shows data collected on a sunny day. What is the best explanation for the transpiration rates leveling off and declining at temperature higher than \(27^{\circ} \mathrm{C} ?\) a. The plant ran out of water. b. The plant needs less water as temperature increases, so transpiration slows down to limit water uptake by the roots. c. Stomata close to conserve water, slowing down transpiration. d. The amount of water in the leaves decreases at high temperature and less is available for evaporation.

How could the morphology of cells observed microscopically indicate that the specimen is probably simple tissue? a. Simple tissue is made of cells that have different shapes, so the specimen will show oval, polygonal, and other shapes. b. Simple tissue is made of cells that have intercellular spaces, so the specimen will contain spaces. c. Simple tissue is made of cells that are elongated and tapered, so the specimen will show elongated cells. d. Simple tissue is made of cells that are morphologically similar, so the specimen will appear uniform.

Plants regulate their internal water potential by opening and closing stomata. Which events take place when stomata open? a. Water vapor is lost to the external environment, increasing the rate of transpiration. b. Water vapor is lost to the external environment, decreasing the rate of transpiration. c. Water vapor enters the spaces in the mesophyll, increasing the rate of transpiration. d. The rate of photosynthesis drops when stomata open.

A section of buttercup root is stained with iodine, which stains starch blue. Where would you expect to find the blue granules indicative of starch? a. parenchymal cells of the cortex b. cells of phloem c. cells of the epidermis d. cells of the endodermis and pericycle
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