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Chapter 23: Problem 12

Plant scientists are interested in isolating meristematic tissue for an experiment. They sample several regions of a plant. Which sample is most likely to contain meristematic tissue? a. the thin epidermis that covers an onion bulb b. a sample of fruit tissue c. a sample of actively dividing cells located at the tip of an onion root d. a region of the mesenchyme

Short Answer

Expert verified
c. the tip of an onion root. This region contains actively dividing cells, which are characteristic of meristematic tissue.

Step by step solution

01

Understand Meristematic Tissue

Meristematic tissue consists of undifferentiated cells that are actively dividing. They are responsible for the growth of the plant by mitosis.
02

Analyze Each Option

a. The thin epidermis that covers an onion bulb - Epidermis is generally protective tissue, not meristematic.b. A sample of fruit tissue - Fruit tissue is specialized and differentiated for reproduction and storage.c. A sample of actively dividing cells located at the tip of an onion root - Actively dividing cells indicate meristematic tissue.d. A region of the mesenchyme - Mesenchyme is found in animals, not plants.
03

Choose the Correct Answer

The sample most likely to contain meristematic tissue is
04

Conclusion

Since meristematic tissue consists of actively dividing cells, the correct option is c: the tip of an onion root.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Plant Growth
Plants grow through a fascinating process that involves the continuous division of cells. Unlike most animal cells which cease to divide once they mature, plant cells in certain regions, known as meristematic tissues, continue to proliferate. These growth regions are crucial as they help the plant elongate, develop new structures, and repair itself.
  • Plant growth involves two main processes: cell division and cell elongation.
  • Cell divisions in meristematic tissues add more cells to the plant.
  • Cell elongation occurs as the new cells take in water, increasing in size and helping the plant stretch.
The tip of a root is one such meristematic region, where cells are actively dividing to allow the root to grow further into the soil, searching for water and nutrients. This makes the plant dynamic and able to adapt to its environment.
Undifferentiated Cells
Undifferentiated cells, also called meristematic cells, are essential for plant growth. These cells have not yet specialized into their final forms, allowing them to divide and produce various types of plant tissue.
  • Meristematic cells are small, with thin cell walls and large nuclei.
  • They are typically found in the root and shoot tips, known as apical meristems.
  • These cells can differentiate into specialized cells such as xylem, phloem, leaves, and flowers as needed.
The ability of undifferentiated cells to divide and eventually become necessary components of the plant鈥檚 structure is what drives the plant's ability to grow, repair damaged areas, and adapt to environmental changes.
Mitosis in Plants
Mitosis is a type of cell division that allows plants to grow and produce new tissues. It involves the replication of the cell's DNA, ensuring each new cell has a full set of chromosomes.
  • Mitosis has five stages: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, and Cytokinesis.
  • During mitosis, a single cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells.
  • This process occurs rapidly in meristematic tissues, enabling the continuous growth and formation of new cells.
For example, in the apical meristem at the tip of an onion root, mitosis is nonstop. This area undergoes constant cell division to aid root elongation, allowing the plant to anchor itself and absorb nutrients and water.
Plant Anatomy
Understanding plant anatomy helps us identify where various types of tissues, including meristematic ones, are located.
  • Meristematic tissues are found at the tips of roots and shoots, known as the apical meristems.
  • Lateral meristems, including the vascular cambium and cork cambium, contribute to the girth of stems and roots in woody plants.
  • Unlike meristematic tissues, other plant tissues such as epidermis, vascular tissue, and ground tissue have specialized functions and are often derived from meristematic tissues through differentiation.
Knowing where meristematic tissue is located aids in recognizing areas of active growth. For example, identifying the tip of an onion root as containing meristematic tissue is crucial since that is a region where active cell division occurs, driving the plant's ability to grow.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The dermal tissue of a plant provides __ for the plant. a. transport of water b. transport of minerals c. support d. protection

Students observe several slides of tissue cross-sections under the microscope. They are asked to develop a key system to classify the slides as coming from either monocot or dicots. What key system should the students develop? a. In monocots, the vascular bundles form a distinct ring. In dicots, the vascular bundles are scattered in the ground tissue. b. In monocots, the vascular tissue forms a characteristic X shape in the center. In dicots, the phloem and xylem cells are scattered in the pith. c. In monocots, the vascular bundles are scattered in the ground tissue. In dicots the vascular bundles form a distinct ring. d. In monocot roots, the pith is absent or very small. In dicots, the pith is large and well developed.

Which plants have leaves that are adapted to cold temperatures? a. Conifers such as spruce, fir, and pine have ovalshaped leaves with sunken stomata, helping to reduce water loss. b. Succulents such as aloes and agaves have waxy cuticles with sunken stomata, helping to reduce water loss. c. Conifers such as spruce, orchids, and pine have needle-shaped leaves with sunken stomata, helping to reduce water loss. d. Conifers such as spruce, fir, and pine have needle-shaped leaves with sunken stomata, helping to reduce water loss.

A carrot is an example of a tap root. Which of these can also be classified as a tap root? a. the large network of superficial roots of a cactus b. a dandelion anchored by a long main root that penetrates deep into the soil c. a banyan tree鈥檚 system of roots that dangle from the branches d. a round organ that stores carbohydrates

A student randomly chose 40 tobacco seeds of the same species from a packet. He placed 20 seeds on moist paper towels in each of two petri dishes. He wrapped dish A completely in an opaque cover to exclude all light. He did not wrap dish B. He placed the dishes equidistant from a light source set to a cycle of 14 hours of light and 10 hours of dark. All other conditions were the same for the two dishes. He examined the dishes after 7 days, and permanently removed the opaque cover from dish A. This table shows the student鈥檚 data. The most probable cause for the difference in mean stem length between plants in dish A and plants in dish B is ____. a. shortening of cells in the stem in response to the lack of light b. elongation of the stem in response to the lack of light c. enhancement of stem elongation by light d. genetic differences between the seeds
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