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Chapter 23: Problem 10

Students are asked to sort tissue slides into simple and complex tissues. How should they recognize a complex tissue through the microscope? a. Complex tissue has a variety of cell types that fulfill different functions. b. Only complex tissue is observed in adult plants. c. Complex tissue appears only in lateral roots and branches. d. Complex tissues contain cells that are strikingly different in appearance but perform the same function.

Short Answer

Expert verified
a. Complex tissue has a variety of cell types that fulfill different functions.

Step by step solution

01

- Understand the Question

The goal is to identify which characteristic helps recognize a complex tissue through a microscope.
02

- Analyze the Options

Review each given option carefully to determine whether it describes a complex tissue: a. Contains a variety of cell types with different functions. b. Observed only in adult plants. c. Appears only in lateral roots and branches. d. Cells are different in appearance but perform the same function.
03

- Apply Knowledge of Complex Tissues

Complex tissues, such as xylem and phloem, are characterized by having different types of cells that perform various functions. This makes option a correct.
04

- Eliminate Incorrect Options

b. Incorrect because complex tissues can be found in various parts of the plant, not just in adult plants. c. Incorrect because complex tissues are not limited to only lateral roots and branches. d. Incorrect because complex tissues contain cells with different functions, not the same.
05

- Confirm the Correct Answer

After analyzing all the options, it is clear that the correct answer is option a. because complex tissues have a variety of cell types that fulfill different functions.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Plant Anatomy
Plant anatomy studies the internal structure of plants. It involves understanding various tissues and organs within a plant. In the context of distinguishing simple and complex tissues, plant anatomy gives insights into their structure and function.
Simple tissues have similar cells performing the same function. Types include parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma.
Complex tissues have different cell types carrying out various functions. The main complex tissues are xylem and phloem. Plant anatomy will help you identify these by observing cell variety and function.
Complex Tissues
Complex tissues in plants consist of more than one type of cell, each specialized for different functions.
  • Xylem: Transports water and minerals from roots to leaves. Includes tracheids, vessel elements, xylem parenchyma, and xylem fibers.
  • Phloem: Transports sugars and nutrients throughout the plant. Comprises sieve tube elements, companion cells, phloem fibers, and phloem parenchyma.
Understanding these components helps in identifying complex tissues under a microscope. Recognize the variety of cell types and their structures.
Microscopy in Biology
Microscopy is essential for studying plant tissues. It allows you to see the cellular structure and differentiate between simple and complex tissues.
When examining slides under a microscope:
  • Focus on cell variety. Complex tissues, like xylem and phloem, display different cell types.
  • Observe cell arrangement. Complex tissues have organized structures reflecting their functions.
  • Understand staining techniques. Stains highlight different cell components, making identification easier.
Microscopy skills are crucial for accurately distinguishing tissue types and understanding plant anatomy.
Xylem and Phloem Identification
Identifying xylem and phloem is key to recognizing complex tissues.
Xylem:
  • Look for large, thick-walled cells (vessels and tracheids).
  • Check for smaller cells (xylem parenchyma) near vessels and tracheids.
Phloem:
  • Identify sieve tube elements-elongated cells with pores.
  • Locate companion cells adjacent to sieve tubes.
  • Spot fibers and parenchyma for structural support and storage.
Knowing these characteristics helps accurately identify complex tissues and understand their functions in plants.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Stomata are usually found in higher numbers on the abaxial or bottom surface of a leaf. What is the advantage of such an arrangement? a. Presence of stomata on the abaxial or bottom surface ensures that no, or very little, water is lost due to guttation. b. The abaxial or bottom surface receives more sunlight and water evaporates faster by transpiration. c. Herbivores do not prefer to eat leaves with stomata on the abaxial or bottom surface. d. The adaxial or upper surface receives more sunlight and water evaporates faster by transpiration.

A plant has a measured pressure potential \(\Psi_{\mathrm{p}}=\) 0.21 \(\mathrm{MPa}\) and a solute potential \(\Psi \mathrm{s}=-3.50 \mathrm{MPa}\) . The soil is saturated with water because it rained. How will the water move? After three months of dry weather, the soil has dried out. How will the water potential of the soil compare to the water potential measured immediately before the rain? How will the stomata respond to the change in weather? a. The water will move from the plant to the soil. Dry soil has a lower water potential than wet soil. Under drought conditions, the stomata close to conserve water and leaves may also be shed if the drought continues. b. The water will move from the soil to the plant. Dry soil has a higher water potential than wet soil. Under drought conditions, the stomata close to conserve water and leaves may also be shed if the drought continues. c. The water will move from the soil to the plant. Dry soil has a lower water potential than wet soil. Under drought conditions, the stomata open its pores wider in order to perform a better rate of transpiration. d. The water will move from the soil to the plant. Dry soil has a lower water potential than wet soil. Under drought conditions, the stomata close to conserve water and leaves may also be shed if the drought continues.

Seeds were germinated in the dark on three plates. Plate A was irradiated with a short pulse of red light; plate B was irradiated with a short pulse of red light followed by a pulse of far-red light; and plate C was the control and was maintained in the dark. After three days, the plates were scored for percentage of germination, as shown in this table. What conclusion can be drawn from the experiment? a. Darkness inhibits germination. b. Red light promotes germination. c. Far-red light promotes germination. d. Germination is independent from light irradiation.

Like the animal intestine, the organ system principally responsible for nutrient and water uptake, the plant root system, is home to a microbiome upon which the host depends. One important role for the root microbiome is innate immunity. Wheat take-all is a disease caused by the fungus \(Gaeumannomyces\) graminis that attacks plant roots and blocks root water channels. When a major outbreak occurs in a wheat field, susceptibility remains high in the following year. But after four to six continued crops of wheat in the same field, susceptibility to the disease declines. This resistance can be transferred with the soil. Burning the soil surface or rotation with another crop returns susceptibility to the next wheat crop. The Fusarium (a fungus) wilt disease of strawberries and potato scab caused by Streptomyces scabies (a bacteria) show a similar disease progression and transferability of resistance (Weller, Ann. Rev. Plant Phytopath, 26, 1988). A. Plants, like animals, have immune defenses that may involve cooperative interactions between organisms. Describe a model of immune response that accounts for these behaviors. In plants, the first line of defense is the cell wall. Animal cells lack this protective barrier. Adaptive immunity of vertebrates to pathogens uses specific defenses that are transportable within the organism, such as T-cells, and retains information about earlier infections, such as T-cell receptors. Unlike adaptive immunity, the innate responses of plants are much less effective in defending against necrotrophic (colonizing dead tissue) than against biotrophic (infecting living tissue) pathogens. In animal tissue, the response to infection is inflammation, the recruitment of resources to protect the tissue. In plant tissue, the response is apoptosis. B. Describe contrasting models of defense strategies for plants and animals that express each of these differences in terms of these strategies: cell boundary, immunological memory, and tissue repair.

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